Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2022 Sep;22(9):449-458. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0089. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selective and community-wide house insecticide spraying in controlling triatomines in the subtropical areas of Loja Province, Ecuador. We designed a quasi-experimental pre-post-test without a control group to compare entomological levels before and after spraying. The baseline study was conducted in 2008. Second, third, and fourth visits were conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012 in three rural communities. Out of the 130 domestic units (DU) visited, 41 domestic units were examined in each of the four visits. Selective and community-wide insecticide interventions included spraying with 5% deltamethrin at 25 mg/m active ingredient. At each visit, a questionnaire was administered to identify the characteristics of households, and DUs were searched for triatomine bugs. In addition, parasitological analysis was carried out in life triatomines. One and two rounds of selective insecticide spraying decreased the probability of infestation by 62% (pairwise odds ratios [POR] 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17-0.89, = 0.024) and 51% (POR 0.49, 95% CI 0.23-1.01, = 0.054), respectively. A similar effect was observed after one round of community-wide insecticide application in Chaquizhca and Guara (POR 0.55, CI 0.24-1.25, = 0.155) and Bellamaria (POR 0.62, CI 0.22-1.79, = 0.379); however, it was not statistically significant. infection in triatomines ( = 483) increased overtime, from 2008 (42.9% and 8.5% for and , respectively) to 2012 (79.5% and 100%). Neither of the two spraying methodologies was effective for triatomine control in this area and our results point to a high likelihood of reinfestation after insecticide application. This underscores the importance of the implementation of physical barriers that prevent invasion and colonization of triatomines in households, such as home improvement initiatives, accompanied by a concerted effort to address the underlying socioeconomic issues that keep this population at risk of developing Chagas disease.
本研究旨在评估在厄瓜多尔洛哈省亚热带地区进行选择性和社区范围的房屋杀虫剂喷洒以控制锥蝽的效果。我们设计了一个无对照组的准实验前后测试，以比较喷洒前后的昆虫学水平。基线研究于 2008 年进行。第二次、第三次和第四次访问分别于 2010 年、2011 年和 2012 年在三个农村社区进行。在 130 个家庭单位（DU）中，有 41 个家庭单位在四次访问中各进行了检查。选择性和社区范围的杀虫剂干预措施包括用 5%的氯菊酯以 25mg/m 的活性成分进行喷洒。每次访问时，都要对家庭的特征进行问卷调查，并对家庭单位进行生物检测，以寻找美洲锥虫。此外，还对活体锥蝽进行寄生虫分析。第一轮和第二轮选择性杀虫剂喷洒分别使感染的概率降低了 62%（配对优势比[POR]0.38，95%置信区间[CI]0.17-0.89，=0.024）和 51%（POR0.49，95%CI0.23-1.01，=0.054）。在 Chaquizhca 和 Guara（POR0.55，CI0.24-1.25，=0.155）和 Bellamaria（POR0.62，CI0.22-1.79，=0.379）进行第一轮社区范围的杀虫剂喷洒后也观察到了类似的效果；然而，这并不具有统计学意义。感染锥蝽的感染率（=483）随时间推移而增加，从 2008 年（分别为 42.9%和 8.5%）增加到 2012 年（分别为 79.5%和 100%）。这两种喷洒方法都没有在该地区对锥蝽控制产生效果，我们的结果表明，杀虫剂喷洒后重新感染的可能性很高。这突出表明，需要实施物理障碍，防止锥蝽侵入和在家庭中定殖，例如改善家庭环境的举措，并共同努力解决导致这一人群罹患恰加斯病风险的潜在社会经济问题。
