Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2022 Jul 13;59(4):1421-1433. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjac050.
Chagas disease is endemic in ~70% of Ecuador. Rhodnius ecuadoriensis and Triatoma carrioni (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) are the primary vectors of Chagas disease in Southern Ecuador. This study tested the effectiveness of selective deltamethrin application of Domiciliary Units (DUs) infested with triatomines, coupled with community education activities and a community-based surveillance system. Ten communities were selected in Loja Province, 466 DUs were examined, of these, 5.6% were infested with R. ecuadoriensis (Density [D] = 4 triatomines/DUs searched, Crowding [CR] = 71 triatomines/infested house, Colonization Index [CI] = 77% infested DUs with nymphs) and 8% with T. carrioni (D = 0.6, CR = 7, CI = 64%). Infested DUs were sprayed with deltamethrin. Subsequent visits were conducted at 6 and 12 mo after spraying. At each time point, new entomological searches were carried out in all DUs. All entomological indexes dropped significantly for the primary vector species one year after the initial intervention (R. ecuadoriensis: I = 2%, D = 0.1, CR = 7, CI = 100%; T. carrioni: I = 1.6%, D = 0.1, CR = 5.5, CI = 50%). Fifteen min educational talks were conducted in every DUs and workshops for schoolchildren were organized. Community-based surveillance system was established. However, there is a high risk of DUs reinfestation, possibly from sylvatic habitats (especially of R. ecuadoriensis) and reinforcing educational and surveillance activities are necessary.
恰加斯病在厄瓜多尔约 70%的地区流行。在厄瓜多尔南部，红褐猎蝽和卡氏锥蝽（半翅目：猎蝽科）是恰加斯病的主要传播媒介。本研究测试了对感染锥蝽的家庭单位（DUs）进行选择性溴氰菊酯处理，结合社区教育活动和社区为基础的监测系统的有效性。在洛哈省选择了 10 个社区，检查了 466 个 DUs，其中 5.6%感染了红褐猎蝽（密度[D] = 每搜索的 DUs 中有 4 只锥蝽，拥挤度[CR] = 每只感染房屋中有 71 只锥蝽，定植指数[CI] = 有 77%的感染 DUs 中有若虫），8%感染了卡氏锥蝽（D = 0.6，CR = 7，CI = 64%）。受感染的 DUs 用溴氰菊酯喷洒。喷洒后 6 和 12 个月进行后续访问。在每个时间点，对所有 DUs 进行新的昆虫学搜索。主要媒介物种在初始干预一年后，所有昆虫学指标均显著下降（红褐猎蝽：感染率[I] = 2%，密度[D] = 0.1，拥挤度[CR] = 7，定植指数[CI] = 100%；卡氏锥蝽：I = 1.6%，D = 0.1，CR = 5.5，CI = 50%）。在每个 DUs 中进行了 15 分钟的教育讲座，并为学童组织了讲习班。建立了以社区为基础的监测系统。然而，DUs 再次感染的风险很高，可能来自森林栖息地（尤其是红褐猎蝽），需要加强教育和监测活动。
