Jamshidnejad-Tosaramandani Tahereh, Kashanian Soheila, Al-Sabri Mohamed H, Kročianová Daniela, Clemensson Laura E, Gentreau Mélissa, Schiöth Helgi B
Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Aug 15;14:968039. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.968039. eCollection 2022.
Statins are a class of widely prescribed drugs used to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and important to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Most statin users are older adults with CVD, who are also at high risk of cognitive decline. It has been suggested that statins can alter cognitive performance, although their positive or negative effects are still debated. With more than 200 million people on statin therapy worldwide, it is crucial to understand the reasons behind discrepancies in the results of these studies. Here, we review the effects of statins on cognitive function and their association with different etiologies of dementia, and particularly, Alzheimer's disease (AD). First, we summarized the main individual and statin-related factors that could modify the cognitive effects of statins. Second, we proposed the underlying mechanisms for the protective and adverse effects of statins on cognitive performance. Finally, we discussed potential causes of discrepancies between studies and suggested approaches to improve future studies assessing the impact of statins on dementia risk and cognitive function.
他汀类药物是一类广泛使用的处方药，用于降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C），对预防心血管疾病（CVD）至关重要。大多数使用他汀类药物的是患有心血管疾病的老年人，他们也有认知能力下降的高风险。有人认为他汀类药物会改变认知表现，尽管其正面或负面影响仍存在争议。全球有超过2亿人接受他汀类药物治疗，了解这些研究结果差异背后的原因至关重要。在此，我们综述他汀类药物对认知功能的影响及其与不同痴呆病因，特别是阿尔茨海默病（AD）的关联。首先，我们总结了可能改变他汀类药物认知效果的主要个体因素和与他汀类药物相关的因素。其次，我们提出了他汀类药物对认知表现产生保护和不良影响的潜在机制。最后，我们讨论了研究之间差异的潜在原因，并提出了改进未来评估他汀类药物对痴呆风险和认知功能影响的研究的方法。
