Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Oct;28(10):1990-1998. doi: 10.3201/eid2810.221058. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants have greater potential than earlier variants to cause vaccine breakthrough infections. During emergence of the Delta and Omicron variants, a matched case-control analysis used a viral genomic sequence dataset linked with demographic and vaccination information from New York, USA, to examine associations between virus lineage and patient vaccination status, patient age, vaccine type, and time since vaccination. Case-patients were persons infected with the emerging virus lineage, and controls were persons infected with any other virus lineage. Infections in fully vaccinated and boosted persons were significantly associated with the Omicron lineage. Odds of infection with Omicron relative to Delta generally decreased with increasing patient age. A similar pattern was observed with vaccination status during Delta emergence but was not significant. Vaccines offered less protection against Omicron, thereby increasing the number of potential hosts for emerging variants.
最近出现的 SARS-CoV-2 变异株比早期变异株更有可能导致疫苗突破性感染。在 Delta 和奥密克戎变异株出现期间，一项匹配的病例对照分析使用了一个与美国纽约的人口统计学和疫苗接种信息相关联的病毒基因组序列数据集，以研究病毒谱系与患者疫苗接种状态、患者年龄、疫苗类型和接种后时间之间的关联。病例患者是感染新兴病毒谱系的人，对照者是感染任何其他病毒谱系的人。在完全接种疫苗和加强针接种的人群中，与奥密克戎谱系的感染显著相关。与 Delta 相比，感染奥密克戎的几率通常随患者年龄的增加而降低。在 Delta 出现期间，观察到类似的模式，但不显著。疫苗对奥密克戎的保护作用较低，从而增加了新兴变异株的潜在宿主数量。
