Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
PLoS One. 2022 Sep 1;17(9):e0272454. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272454. eCollection 2022.
Social Capital refers to the resources associated with durable and trustworthy social connections. Social Capital can be developed through offline and online relationships. It can be distinguished between cognitive Social Capital (perception of trustworthiness, reciprocity, and support) and structural Social Capital (density of social networks and membership, and participation in groups and associations). It can also be distinguished between bonding Social Capital (resources associated with informal networks; i.e., neighbors, friends, colleagues) and bridging Social Capital (resources associated with formal networks; i.e., community service, cultural, religious or political groups/associations). The different forms and dimensions of Social Capital may have distinct effects on health outcomes and self-rated health. Therefore, public health researchers need valid and reliable instruments to investigate Social Capital. However, valid instruments including the measurement of online Social Capital are not available. The Personal Social Capital Scale aims to assess bonding and bridging Social Capital by means of cognitive and structural items. In the present investigation, three studies were carried out (N = 1149) to adapt the Personal Social Capital Scale to develop the Personal On-Offline Social Capital Brief Scale, a brief scale for measuring online and offline bonding and bridging Social Capital in Italy. Factorial structure and convergent/divergent validity in relation to scales measuring constructs with different patterns of relationships with bonding and bridging Social Capital (i.e., social support and stress; sense of community and health) were also investigated. Overall, these studies provide evidence of reliability and validity related to the internal structure of the Personal On-Offline Social Capital Brief Scale in measuring online and offline bonding and bridging Social Capital and discriminating them from similar constructs. This scale is a useful instrument for planning public health interventions.
社会资本是指与持久可靠的社会关系相关联的资源。社会资本可以通过线下和线上关系来发展。它可以分为认知社会资本（对可信度、互惠和支持的感知）和结构社会资本（社交网络的密度和成员身份、以及参与团体和协会）。它还可以分为联系社会资本（与非正式网络相关的资源，即邻居、朋友、同事）和桥接社会资本（与正式网络相关的资源，即社区服务、文化、宗教或政治团体/协会）。不同形式和维度的社会资本可能对健康结果和自我评估的健康状况有不同的影响。因此，公共卫生研究人员需要有效的和可靠的工具来研究社会资本。然而，目前还没有有效的工具，包括在线社会资本的测量。个人社会资本量表旨在通过认知和结构项目来评估联系和桥接社会资本。在本研究中，进行了三项研究（N=1149），以适应个人社会资本量表，开发个人在线离线社会资本简要量表，这是一种用于测量意大利在线和离线联系和桥接社会资本的简要量表。还研究了与具有不同联系和桥接社会资本模式的结构量表（即社会支持和压力；社区感和健康）的因子结构和收敛/发散有效性。总的来说，这些研究提供了与个人在线离线社会资本简要量表的内部结构相关的可靠性和有效性的证据，用于测量在线和离线的联系和桥接社会资本，并将它们与类似的结构区分开来。该量表是规划公共卫生干预措施的有用工具。
