Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Dent Mater. 2022 Oct;38(10):1610-1622. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.08.008. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence on MMP inhibition, dentin adhesion and physicochemical properties of an adhesive system incorporated with polymerizable collagen crosslinker monomer derived from cardanol.
The intermediary cardanol epoxy (CNE) was synthesized through cardanol epoxidation, followed by synthesis of cardanol methacrylate through methacrylic acid solvent-free esterification. Zymographic analysis was performed to evaluate the substances' ability to inhibit gelatinolytic enzymes. Collagen crosslinkers were added into adhesives systems according to the following groups: Ybond Universal® (Control), Ybond® + 2 % proanthocyanidin (PAC), Ybond® + 2 % unsaturated cardanol (Cardanol) and Ybond® + 2 % cardanol methacrylate (CNMA). Degree of conversion (DC) of the adhesives was assessed by FT-IR. Disk-shaped specimens were prepared for water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) tests. Human third molars were sectioned to expose medium dentin and restored according to the different adhesives used (n = 5). Then, the specimens were cut into 1 mm sticks to evaluate, after 24 h and 6-month aging, microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and nanoleakage by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analysed with ANOVA and Tukey's post-test (α = 0.05).
CNMA and PAC completely inhibited all forms of gelatinolytic enzymes. Cardanol achieved a significantly lowest DC, while the other groups did not differ from each other (p > 0.05). PAC achieved significantly higher water sorption, while CNMA solubility was significantly lower when compared to the other adhesives (p < 0.05). PAC provided a statistically higher 24 h and 6-month aging bond strength. Intermediary similar µTBS were presented by control and CNMA (p = 0.108). All adhesives applied attained significantly reduced bond strength after aging (p < 0.05). Interfaces created using CNMA were almost devoid of silver deposits initially, however all groups showed large amounts of silver deposits on resin-dentin interface subjected to water aging.
Although CNMA was effective in inhibiting gelatinolytic enzymes, when incorporated into a universal adhesive it could not promote less degradation of the adhesive interface after water aging. Since it is a hydrophobic monomer, CNMA did not interact well with dentin collagen, however it reduced the solubility of the adhesive system besides not interfering in its polymerization.
本研究旨在评估一种含有源自腰果酚的可聚合胶原交联单体的胶粘剂系统对 MMP 抑制、牙本质黏附以及物理化学性能的影响。
通过腰果酚环氧化反应合成中间产物腰果酚环氧（CNE），然后通过无溶剂酯化法合成腰果酚甲基丙烯酸酯。通过明胶酶谱分析评估物质抑制明胶酶的能力。根据以下组将胶原交联剂添加到胶粘剂系统中：Ybond Universal®（对照）、Ybond®+2%原花青素（PAC）、Ybond®+2%不饱和腰果酚（腰果酚）和 Ybond®+2%腰果酚甲基丙烯酸酯（CNMA）。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）评估胶粘剂的转化率（DC）。制备圆盘状试件进行吸水率（WS）和溶解度（SL）测试。将人类第三磨牙切开，暴露中层牙本质，并根据使用的不同胶粘剂进行修复（n=5）。然后，将试件切成 1mm 棒状，在 24 小时和 6 个月老化后评估微拉伸黏结强度（µTBS）和纳米渗漏，通过扫描电子显微镜观察。使用方差分析和 Tukey 事后检验（α=0.05）对数据进行分析。
CNMA 和 PAC 完全抑制了所有形式的明胶酶。腰果酚的 DC 最低，而其他组之间没有差异（p>0.05）。PAC 的吸水率显著较高，而 CNMA 的溶解度显著低于其他胶粘剂（p<0.05）。PAC 在 24 小时和 6 个月老化后提供了统计学上更高的黏结强度。与对照和 CNMA 相比，控制组和 CNMA 呈现出相似的初始 24 小时和 6 个月老化黏结强度（p=0.108）。所有胶粘剂在老化后黏结强度均显著降低（p<0.05）。初始时，使用 CNMA 形成的界面几乎没有银沉积，但所有组在水老化后的树脂-牙本质界面上都显示出大量的银沉积。
尽管 CNMA 能有效抑制明胶酶，但将其掺入通用型胶粘剂中，不能减少水老化后胶粘剂界面的降解。由于 CNMA 是一种疏水性单体，与牙本质胶原的相互作用不佳，但它降低了胶粘剂系统的溶解度，同时不干扰其聚合。
