Raj Radha Raman, Lofquist Sydney, Lee Mi-Jeong
Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA.
Pharm Res. 2023 Feb;40(2):467-480. doi: 10.1007/s11095-022-03377-w. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Enhancing thermogenesis by increasing the amount and activity of brown and brite adipocytes is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its associated diseases. Diet plays important roles in energy metabolism and a myriad of dietary components including lipids are known to regulate thermogenesis through recruitment and activation of brown and brite adipocytes. Depending on types of fatty acids (FAs), the major constituent in lipids, their health benefits differ. Long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs remodel adipose tissues in a healthier manner with reduced inflammation and enhanced thermogenesis, while saturated FAs exhibit contrasting effects. Lipid mediators derived from FAs act as autocrine/paracrine as well as endocrine factors to regulate thermogenesis. We discuss lipid mediators that may contribute to the differential effects of FAs on adipose tissue remodeling and hence, cardiometabolic diseases. We also discuss current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms through which n-3 PUFAs enhance thermogenesis. Elucidating molecular details of beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on thermogenesis is expected to provide information that can be used for development of novel therapeutics for obesity and its associated diseases.
通过增加棕色脂肪细胞和米色脂肪细胞的数量及活性来增强产热是肥胖及其相关疾病的一个潜在治疗靶点。饮食在能量代谢中起着重要作用，包括脂质在内的多种饮食成分已知可通过募集和激活棕色脂肪细胞和米色脂肪细胞来调节产热。根据脂质中的主要成分脂肪酸（FAs）的类型不同，它们的健康益处也有所不同。长链多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs），尤其是n-3 PUFAs，能以更健康的方式重塑脂肪组织，减少炎症并增强产热，而饱和脂肪酸则表现出相反的效果。脂肪酸衍生的脂质介质作为自分泌/旁分泌以及内分泌因子来调节产热。我们讨论了可能导致脂肪酸对脂肪组织重塑以及心脏代谢疾病产生不同影响的脂质介质。我们还讨论了目前对n-3 PUFAs增强产热的分子和细胞机制的理解。阐明n-3 PUFAs对产热有益作用的分子细节有望为肥胖及其相关疾病的新型治疗方法的开发提供可用信息。
