Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
Lehrfach Variationsstatistik, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
Cells. 2022 Dec 14;11(24):4043. doi: 10.3390/cells11244043.
Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to alter phenotypic and metabolic parameters in . However, the impact of fat quantity and quality remains uncertain. We first used butterfat (BF) as an example to investigate the effects of increasing dietary fat content (3-12%) on male and female fruit flies. Although body weight and body composition were not altered by any BF concentration, health parameters, such as lifespan, fecundity and larval development, were negatively affected in a dose-dependent manner. When fruit flies were fed various 12% HFDs (BF, sunflower oil, olive oil, linseed oil, fish oil), their fatty acid profiles shifted according to the dietary fat qualities. Moreover, fat quality was found to determine the effect size of the response to an HFD for traits, such as lifespan, climbing activity, or fertility. Consistently, we also found a highly fat quality-specific transcriptional response to three exemplary HFD qualities with a small overlap of only 30 differentially expressed genes associated with the immune/stress response and fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, our data indicate that not only the fat content but also the fat quality is a crucial factor in terms of life-history traits when applying an HFD in .
高脂肪饮食（HFD）已被证明会改变 的表型和代谢参数。然而，脂肪数量和质量的影响仍不确定。我们首先使用乳脂（BF）作为一个例子，研究增加饮食脂肪含量（3-12%）对雄性和雌性果蝇的影响。尽管任何 BF 浓度都不会改变体重和身体成分，但健康参数，如寿命、繁殖力和幼虫发育，都呈剂量依赖性地受到负面影响。当果蝇喂食各种 12% HFD（BF、葵花籽油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油、鱼油）时，它们的脂肪酸谱根据饮食脂肪的质量而发生变化。此外，发现脂肪质量决定了对 HFD 的响应大小，例如寿命、攀爬活动或生育能力等特征。一致地，我们还发现对三种典型 HFD 质量的高度特定于脂肪质量的转录响应，只有 30 个差异表达基因与免疫/应激反应和脂肪酸代谢相关，重叠很小。总之，我们的数据表明，在应用 HFD 时，不仅脂肪含量，而且脂肪质量是影响生活史特征的一个关键因素。
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