Modifiable and Non-modifiable Factors Associated with Low Awareness of Hypertension Treatment in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based National Survey.

INTRODUCTION

Low awareness about hypertension treatment is recognized as a significant cause of treatment failure. Therefore, identifying its underlying factors is essential for developing effective intervention strategies. This study aims to identify the modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with low awareness about hypertension treatment.

METHOD

This national, cross-sectional, population-based survey used publicly available data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) for 2014 among respondents with hypertension aged ≥15 years. Depression and insomnia, as modifiable factors, were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) and the Patient-Recorded Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaire, respectively. Non-modifiable factors, such as sociodemographic information, were obtained from self-reported data. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between these factors and low awareness about hypertension treatment. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.

RESULT

The study recruited 7,920 respondents, the majority of whom were female (53.8%) and aged <60 years (71.1%). The prevalence of low awareness of hypertension treatment was 87.1% (51.8% in women and 48.2% in men). Being an elderly (OR: 1.60, 95%CI 1.36-1.88), being irregularly blood pressure control (OR: 4.40, 95% CI 3.78-5.13), having depressive symptoms (OR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.62), having insomnia (OR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.11-1.53), and having low satisfaction with health care (OR: 1.28, 95% CI 1.08-1.51) were associated with low awareness of hypertension treatment. Surprisingly, respondents with strong religiosity (OR: 1.62; 95% CI 1.25-2.09) were more likely to display low awareness of hypertension treatment.

CONCLUSION

The main factors associated with low awareness of hypertension treatment are modifiable. Thus, health care professionals should integrate more patient-specific factors when designing tailored interventions.