Seneviratne Sumudu Nimali, Rajindrajith Shaman
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka.
World J Diabetes. 2022 Jul 15;13(7):482-497. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i7.482.
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly over the past few decades, and prevention efforts have not been successful. Fetal programming involves the earliest stage of obesity development, and provides a novel concept to complement other strategies for lifelong prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The World Health Organization now advocates a life-course approach to prevent/control obesity, starting with pre-conceptional and antenatal maternal health. Maternal overnutrition, gestational diabetes mellitus and excessive gestational weight gain lead to fetal overgrowth, and "programs" the offspring with an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood and adulthood. This review summarizes current data on fetal programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus including potential causative factors, mechanisms and interventions to reduce its impact.
在过去几十年中，肥胖症和2型糖尿病的患病率迅速上升，而预防措施并未取得成功。胎儿编程涉及肥胖症发展的最早阶段，并为补充其他终身预防肥胖症和2型糖尿病的策略提供了一个新概念。世界卫生组织现在提倡采用生命历程方法来预防/控制肥胖症，从孕前和产前母亲健康开始。母亲营养过剩、妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠期体重过度增加会导致胎儿过度生长，并使后代在儿童期和成年期患肥胖症和2型糖尿病的风险增加。这篇综述总结了目前关于肥胖症和2型糖尿病胎儿编程的数据，包括潜在的致病因素、机制以及减少其影响的干预措施。
