Hako Suzuka, Kambara Kohei, Ogata Akiko
Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.
Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto-fu, Japan.
Health Psychol Behav Med. 2022 Aug 29;10(1):806-817. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2116328. eCollection 2022.
Adults and children alike can feel anxious and afraid of needles. As a result, some people avoid necessary medical injections, leading to health problems. Assessing the fear of injections should consider fear factors, avoidance behaviors, and physical symptoms. We have developed a single scale that measures each of these variables. Conventional fear-of-injection scales do not simultaneously measure the aforementioned components, and thus may not adequately capture the fear of injections. Furthermore, no scale has been developed in Japan to measure the fear of injections.
A multidimensional fear-of-injection scale was developed in Study 1. The participants, 419 university students, were administered a questionnaire to check the reliability and validity of the scale. In Study 2, to establish the cut-off value of the scale, we conducted a questionnaire and analyzed the data of 771 university students. The outcome is the multidimensional fear-of-injection scale.
The results from factor analysis showed that this scale has a four-factor structure (direct fear, indirect fear, physiological response, and avoidance behaviors). The results of the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that a cut-off value of 35 points identifies people with a subjective fear of injections.
The multidimensional fear-of-injection scale is a comprehensive measure of the fear of injections and serves as an effective indicator for intervention and screening. Additionally, it provides a quantitative assessment of the fear of injection in Japan.
成人和儿童都会对针头感到焦虑和恐惧。因此，一些人会避免必要的医疗注射，从而导致健康问题。评估注射恐惧应考虑恐惧因素、回避行为和身体症状。我们开发了一种单一量表来测量这些变量中的每一个。传统的注射恐惧量表不能同时测量上述这些成分，因此可能无法充分反映注射恐惧。此外，日本尚未开发出用于测量注射恐惧的量表。
在研究1中开发了一种多维注射恐惧量表。419名大学生参与了问卷调查，以检验该量表的信度和效度。在研究2中，为确定该量表的临界值，我们对771名大学生进行了问卷调查并分析数据。最终得出多维注射恐惧量表。
因子分析结果表明，该量表具有四因素结构（直接恐惧、间接恐惧、生理反应和回避行为）。受试者工作特征分析结果表明，35分的临界值可识别出有主观注射恐惧的人。
多维注射恐惧量表是对注射恐惧的一种综合测量，可作为干预和筛查的有效指标。此外，它还能对日本的注射恐惧进行定量评估。
