Stengård Johanna, Leineweber Constanze, Virtanen Marianna, Westerlund Hugo, Wang Hui-Xin
Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
Eur J Ageing. 2021 Dec 18;19(3):677-688. doi: 10.1007/s10433-021-00672-0. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Due to an ageing population, governments in European countries are striving to keep older workers longer in the workforce. Remarkably few studies have paid attention to the influence of psychosocial working conditions on timing of retirement for older workers in and beyond normative retirement age. The aim of the present study was to examine whether good psychosocial working conditions contribute to prolonged working lives among older workers (59 years and above). A particular question was whether such conditions increase in importance with age. Seven waves (2006-2018) of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) were used ( = 6000, observations = 10,632). Discrete-time event history analyses showed that higher levels of job resources (decision authority [OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.22], skill use [OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.29], learning opportunities [OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.13-1.31], social support [OR 1.29 (95% CI 1.16-1.42], work-time control [OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.13], and reward [OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24-1.57])-but not lower levels of job demands (quantitative and emotional demands or effort)-were associated with working longer (continued work two years later). Also, low effort-reward imbalance (OR 0.84 [95% CI 0.73-0.96]) was associated with working longer. In addition, skill use, work-time control, reward, and low effort-reward imbalance increased in importance with age for continued work. These results suggest that providing older workers with control over their work tasks, giving opportunities for learning and using their skills, as well as rewarding and acknowledging their achievements, may keep them in the workforce longer. Especially, job resources may grow in importance with age.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-021-00672-0.
由于人口老龄化，欧洲国家的政府正在努力让老年工人在劳动力市场上工作更长时间。值得注意的是，很少有研究关注心理社会工作条件对达到和超过法定退休年龄的老年工人退休时间的影响。本研究的目的是检验良好的心理社会工作条件是否有助于延长老年工人（59岁及以上）的工作寿命。一个特别的问题是，这些条件的重要性是否会随着年龄的增长而增加。使用了瑞典纵向职业健康调查（SLOSH）的七轮数据（n = 6000，观察值 = 10632）。离散时间事件史分析表明，较高水平的工作资源（决策自主权[比值比（OR）1.13，95%置信区间（CI）1.06 - 1.22]、技能运用[OR 1.17，95% CI 1.07 - 1.29]、学习机会[OR 1.22，95% CI 1.13 - 1.31]、社会支持[OR 1.29（95% CI 1.16 - 1.42]、工作时间控制[OR 1.07，95% CI 1.01 - 1.13]和奖励[OR 1.40，95% CI 1.24 - 1.57]）——而不是较低水平的工作要求（定量和情感要求或努力程度）——与工作更长时间（两年后继续工作）相关。此外，低努力 - 回报失衡（OR 0.84 [95% CI 0.73 - 0.96]）与工作更长时间相关。此外，对于继续工作而言，技能运用、工作时间控制、奖励和低努力 - 回报失衡的重要性随着年龄的增长而增加。这些结果表明，为老年工人提供对其工作任务的控制权，给予学习和运用技能的机会，以及奖励和认可他们的成就，可能会使他们在劳动力市场上停留更长时间。特别是，工作资源的重要性可能会随着年龄的增长而增加。
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