Wang Yuan, Leak Rehana K, Cao Guodong
Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2022 Aug 16;16:980722. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.980722. eCollection 2022.
Stroke remains a major cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide. The immune system plays an important role in determining the condition of the brain following stroke. As the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia are the primary responders in a defense network covering the entire brain parenchyma, and exert various functions depending on dynamic communications with neurons, astrocytes, and other neighboring cells under both physiological or pathological conditions. Microglia activation and polarization is crucial for brain damage and repair following ischemic stroke, and is considered a double-edged sword for neurological recovery. Microglia can exist in pro-inflammatory states and promote secondary brain damage, but they can also secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors and facilitate recovery following stroke. In this review, we focus on the role and mechanisms of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity after ischemia and relevant potential microglia-based interventions for stroke therapy.
中风仍然是全球长期残疾和死亡的主要原因。免疫系统在中风后决定大脑状况方面起着重要作用。作为中枢神经系统的固有免疫细胞，小胶质细胞是覆盖整个脑实质的防御网络中的主要应答者，并在生理或病理条件下根据与神经元、星形胶质细胞和其他邻近细胞的动态通讯发挥各种功能。小胶质细胞的激活和极化对于缺血性中风后的脑损伤和修复至关重要，并且被认为是神经恢复的双刃剑。小胶质细胞可以处于促炎状态并促进继发性脑损伤，但它们也可以分泌抗炎细胞因子和神经营养因子并促进中风后的恢复。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注缺血后小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症和神经可塑性的作用及机制，以及基于小胶质细胞的中风治疗相关潜在干预措施。
