Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, Ex CeSIMet) G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Acta Diabetol. 2022 Dec;59(12):1597-1607. doi: 10.1007/s00592-022-01950-8. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
As recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), health practitioners should encourage a healthy nutrition and adequate weight gain during pregnancy in order to ensure favorable pregnancy and fetal outcomes, and to prevent diseases later in life for both mother and child. The purpose of this online survey was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the 2009 IOM recommendations among healthcare professionals managing nutritional therapy in pregnancies complicated by diabetes in Italy.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using an online self-administered questionnaire undertaken between October and December 2021.
Of the 220 participants 89% were diabetologists/endocrinologists/internal medicine specialists and 11% dietitians/nutritionists. The survey found that the 53% of respondents provide a personalized diet to pregnant women with diabetes, while 32% a standard diet plan and only 15% healthy dietary advice. The 69% of the participants investigated for appropriate gestational weight gain, mainly based on pre-pregnancy BMI (96%), gestational weight gain (GWG) at first prenatal visit (80%) and presence of twin pregnancy (58%). Maternal weight gain was evaluated at each regularly scheduled prenatal visit and compared with IOM recommendations for the 87% of healthcare professionals. Diet plan was periodically re-evaluated and/or modified (90% of participants), based on inadequate maternal weight gain and/or fetal growth abnormalities (78%), trimester transition (53%), changes in physical activity and/or a "feel hungry" (50%).
This survey reported the knowledge and attitude of IOM guidelines and the nutritional knowledge and practice of Italian professionals on the nutritional management of diabetes in pregnancy. The application of these recommendations seemed more feasible in clinics/team dedicated to "Diabetes in Pregnancy".
正如美国医学研究所（IOM）所建议的，医疗保健从业者应鼓励孕妇健康饮食和适当增重，以确保良好的妊娠和胎儿结局，并预防母婴双方日后的疾病。本在线调查旨在确定在意大利管理妊娠合并糖尿病的营养治疗的医疗保健专业人员对 2009 年 IOM 建议的知识、态度和实践情况。
本研究采用横断面调查，于 2021 年 10 月至 12 月期间进行了在线自我管理问卷调查。
在 220 名参与者中，89%为糖尿病专家/内分泌专家/内科专家，11%为营养师/营养学家。调查发现，53%的受访者为妊娠糖尿病孕妇提供个性化饮食，32%提供标准饮食计划，只有 15%提供健康饮食建议。69%的参与者会调查是否达到适当的妊娠增重，主要依据为孕前 BMI（96%）、第一次产前检查时的 GWG（80%）和是否怀有双胞胎（58%）。87%的医疗保健专业人员会在每次定期产前检查时评估孕妇体重增加情况，并将其与 IOM 建议进行比较。90%的参与者会根据孕妇体重增加不足和/或胎儿生长异常（78%）、妊娠中期过渡（53%）、体力活动变化和/或“感到饥饿”（50%）定期重新评估和/或修改饮食计划。
本调查报告了意大利专业人员对 IOM 指南的了解和态度，以及他们在妊娠糖尿病营养管理方面的营养知识和实践情况。这些建议在专门管理“妊娠糖尿病”的诊所/团队中似乎更可行。
