Yong Joel, Mellick Albert S, Whitelock John, Wang Joseph, Liang Kang
School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
Adv Mater. 2023 Apr;35(15):e2205746. doi: 10.1002/adma.202205746. Epub 2023 Feb 23.
The application of nanomotors for cancer diagnosis and therapy is a new and exciting area of research, which when combined with precision nanomedicine, promises to solve many of the issues encountered by previous development of passive nanoparticles. The goal of this article is to introduce nanomotor and nanomedicine researchers to the deep pool of knowledge available regarding cancer cell biology and biochemistry, as well as provide a greater appreciation of the complexity of cell membrane compositions, extracellular surfaces, and their functional consequences. A short description of the nanomotor state-of-art for cancer therapy and diagnosis is first provided, as well as recommendations for future directions of the field. Then, a biomolecular targeting toolbox has been collated for researchers looking to apply their nanomaterial of choice to a biological setting, as well as providing a glimpse into currently available clinical therapies and technologies. This toolbox contains an overview of different classes of targeting molecules available for high affinity and specific targeting and cell surface targets to aid researchers in the selection of a clinical disease model and targeting methodology. It is hoped that this review will provide biological context, inspiration, and direction to future nanomotor and nanomedicine research.
纳米马达在癌症诊断与治疗中的应用是一个崭新且令人兴奋的研究领域，当它与精准纳米医学相结合时，有望解决先前被动纳米颗粒研发过程中遇到的诸多问题。本文旨在向纳米马达和纳米医学研究人员介绍有关癌细胞生物学和生物化学的丰富知识宝库，同时让他们更深入地了解细胞膜组成、细胞外表面的复杂性及其功能影响。首先简要介绍了用于癌症治疗和诊断的纳米马达的最新进展，以及该领域未来的发展方向建议。然后，为希望将其选择的纳米材料应用于生物环境的研究人员整理了一个生物分子靶向工具箱，同时让他们初步了解当前可用的临床治疗方法和技术。这个工具箱包含了可用于高亲和力和特异性靶向的不同类型靶向分子的概述以及细胞表面靶点，以帮助研究人员选择临床疾病模型和靶向方法。希望这篇综述能为未来的纳米马达和纳米医学研究提供生物学背景、灵感和方向。
