State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Nov 1;312:120082. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120082. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
Understanding the impacts of environmental pollutants on immune systems is indispensable in ecological and health risk assessments due to the significance of normal immunological functions in all living organisms. Bivalves as sentinel organisms with vital ecological importance are widely distributed in aquatic environments and their innate immune systems are the sensitive targets of environmental pollutants. As the central component of innate immunity, bivalve hemocytes are endowed with specialized endolysosomal systems for particle internalization and metal detoxification. These intrinsic biological features make them a unique cellular model for metal- and nano-immunotoxicology research. In this review, we firstly provided a general overview of bivalve's innate immunity and the classification and immune functions of hemocytes. We then summarized the recent progress on the interactions of metals and nanoparticles with bivalve hemocytes, with emphasis on the involvement of hemocytes in metal regulation and detoxification, the interactions of hemocytes and nanoparticles at eco/bio-nano interface and hemocyte-mediated immune responses to the exposure of metals and nanoparticles. Finally, we proposed the key knowledge gaps and future research priorities in deciphering the fundamental biological processes of the interactions of environmental pollutants with the innate immune system of bivalves as well as in developing bivalve hemocytes into a promising cellular model for nano-immuno-safety assessment.
了解环境污染物对免疫系统的影响对于生态和健康风险评估是必不可少的，因为正常的免疫功能对所有生物都具有重要意义。双壳类动物作为具有重要生态意义的哨兵生物，广泛分布于水生环境中，其先天免疫系统是环境污染物的敏感靶标。作为先天免疫的核心组成部分，双壳类动物血细胞具有专门的内溶酶体系统，用于颗粒内化和金属解毒。这些内在的生物学特征使它们成为金属和纳米免疫毒理学研究的独特细胞模型。在这篇综述中，我们首先概述了双壳类动物的先天免疫以及血细胞的分类和免疫功能。然后，我们总结了金属和纳米颗粒与双壳类动物血细胞相互作用的最新进展，重点介绍了血细胞在金属调节和解毒中的作用、血细胞与纳米颗粒在生态/生物-纳米界面的相互作用以及血细胞介导的对金属和纳米颗粒暴露的免疫反应。最后，我们提出了在阐明环境污染物与双壳类动物先天免疫系统相互作用的基本生物学过程以及将双壳类动物血细胞开发为纳米免疫安全性评估有前景的细胞模型方面的关键知识空白和未来研究重点。
