Biostatistics Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Health Soc Care Community. 2022 Nov;30(6):e5661-e5672. doi: 10.1111/hsc.13993. Epub 2022 Sep 4.
This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify heterogeneous cognition, depression, and life satisfaction trajectory groups, and to examine the independent contributions of watching television and reading to these trajectories among middle-aged and older adults. A sample was taken from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA) with measures of cognition, depression, life satisfaction, watching television, and reading during 12 years of follow-up (N = 4440). Group-based trajectory models and multinomial logistic regressions were used. The findings showed that the cohort was separated into three global cognition groups of low-cognition (n = 376), declining-cognition (n = 805), and maintained-cognition (n = 2718); three episodic memory groups of high-declining (n = 540), middle-stable (n = 2066), and improving groups (n = 1293); three depression groups of low-to-low (n = 2571), median-to-high (n = 960), and high-to-high groups (n = 368); and three life satisfaction groups of low- (n = 1133), middle- (n = 977), and high-level groups (n = 1789). Also, the findings demonstrated that after adjusting for covariates, those who did not watch television or read at the baseline had independently significantly increased odds of having lower global cognitive function, higher depression, and lower life satisfaction over time versus those who watched television or read almost every day. Based on the findings obtained, group-based trajectories of cognition, depression, and life satisfaction scores identified distinct subgroups among TLSA participants. Moreover, the findings suggest that healthcare providers need to develop more targeted population interventions to ensure successful aging. Healthcare providers can encourage older adults, particularly new retirees, to participate in leisure activities (i.e., watching television and reading) to reduce prevalence rates of cognitive impairment and depression.
本回顾性队列研究旨在识别认知能力、抑郁和生活满意度轨迹的异质群体，并探讨中年和老年人观看电视和阅读对这些轨迹的独立贡献。该研究样本来自台湾老龄化纵向研究（TLSA），在 12 年的随访中测量了认知、抑郁、生活满意度、看电视和阅读（N=4440）。使用基于群组的轨迹模型和多项逻辑回归。研究结果表明，该队列分为三组低认知能力组（n=376）、认知能力下降组（n=805）和认知能力保持组（n=2718）；三组情景记忆组高下降组（n=540）、中稳定组（n=2066）和改善组（n=1293）；三组抑郁组低至低组（n=2571）、中至高组（n=960）和高至高组（n=368）；三组生活满意度组低水平组（n=1133）、中水平组（n=977）和高水平组（n=1789）。此外，研究结果表明，在调整了协变量后，与每天几乎都看电视或阅读的人相比，那些在基线时不看电视或阅读的人随着时间的推移，认知功能、抑郁和生活满意度的几率显著增加，他们具有较低的认知功能、较高的抑郁和较低的生活满意度。基于研究结果，TLSA 参与者的认知、抑郁和生活满意度得分的基于群组的轨迹确定了不同的亚组。此外，研究结果表明，医疗保健提供者需要制定更有针对性的人群干预措施，以确保成功老龄化。医疗保健提供者可以鼓励老年人，特别是新退休人员，参与休闲活动（即看电视和阅读），以降低认知障碍和抑郁的患病率。
