Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2022 Sep 5;34(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s43046-022-00140-5.
About 7 million people die from various types of cancer every year representing nearly 12.5% of deaths worldwide. This fact raises the demand to develop new, effective anticancer, onco-suppressive, and chemoprotective agents for the future fighting of cancers. Genistein exhibits pleiotropic functions in cancer, metabolism, and inflammation. It functions as an antineoplastic agent through its effect on the cell cycle, apoptotic processes, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
The current study aimed to study the genistein onco-suppressive effects during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters' buccal pouch utilizing flow cytometry analysis (FMA), as a fast-diagnosing tool, in addition to the histopathology.
The buccal mucosa of adult male Syrian hamsters was painted with paraffin oil only (group 1), DMBA mixed in mineral oil (group 2), or orally administrated genistein along with painting DMBA (group 2B). The buccal mucosa was utilized for flow cytometric analysis and histopathological examination.
Grossly, DMBA-induced carcinogenesis started at the 9th week. Progressive signs appeared in the following weeks reaching to large ulcerative oral masses and exophytic nodules at the 21st week. Histologically, invasive well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) appeared in the underlying tissues from the 12th week, showing malignant criteria. Genistein had delayed clinicopathological change, which started 6 weeks later, than the DMBA-painted hamsters, as mild epithelial dysplastic changes. This became moderate during the last 6 weeks, without dysplastic changes. Flow cytometry revealed that DMBA led to considerable variation in DNA proliferation activity, aneuploid DNA pattern, in 47.22% of hamsters and significantly raised the S-phase fragment (SPF) values, which drastically reduced after genistein treatment.
Taken together, genistein could be employed as an onco-suppressive agent for carcinogenesis. Moreover, FMA could be used as an aiding fast tool for diagnosis of cancer.
每年约有 700 万人死于各种类型的癌症，占全球死亡人数的近 12.5%。这一事实要求我们开发新的、有效的抗癌、抗肿瘤和化学保护剂，以应对未来的癌症。染料木黄酮在癌症、代谢和炎症中具有多种功能。它通过对细胞周期、凋亡过程、血管生成、侵袭和转移的影响，发挥抗肿瘤作用。
本研究旨在利用流式细胞术分析（FMA）作为一种快速诊断工具，研究染料木黄酮在 7,12-二甲基苯并[a]蒽（DMBA）诱导的颊囊口腔癌变中的抗肿瘤作用，此外还进行了组织病理学研究。
成年雄性叙利亚仓鼠的颊黏膜仅涂石蜡油（第 1 组）、DMBA 混合矿物油（第 2 组）或同时涂 DMBA 并口服染料木黄酮（第 2B 组）。利用颊黏膜进行流式细胞术分析和组织病理学检查。
大体上，DMBA 诱导的癌变始于第 9 周。随后几周出现进行性变化，第 21 周时出现大的溃疡性口腔肿块和外生性结节。组织学上，第 12 周时在基底组织中出现浸润性高分化口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC），表现出恶性特征。与涂 DMBA 的仓鼠相比，染料木黄酮延迟了临床病理变化，第 6 周后才开始出现轻度上皮异型增生变化。在最后 6 周内，这种变化变为中度，没有异型增生变化。流式细胞术显示，DMBA 导致 47.22%的仓鼠 DNA 增殖活性发生显著变化，出现非整倍体 DNA 模式，显著提高 S 期片段（SPF）值，而在用染料木黄酮治疗后，该值大幅降低。
综上所述，染料木黄酮可作为一种抗肿瘤药物用于致癌作用。此外，FMA 可作为癌症诊断的辅助快速工具。
