Ghosh Aparajita, Ghosh Bijoyani, Parihar Nidhi, Ilaweibaphyrnai Myrthong, Panda Samir R, Alexander Amit, Chella Naveen, Murty Usn, Naidu Vgm, Kumar G Jagadeesh, Pemmaraju Deepak B
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India.
Food Biosci. 2022 Dec;50:101977. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101977. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
The novel enveloped β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has offered a surprising health challenge all over the world. It develops severe pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Like SARS-COV-2, other encapsulated viruses like HIV, HSV, and influenza have also offered a similar challenge in the past. In this regard, many antiviral drugs are being explored with varying degrees of success to combat the associated pathological conditions. Therefore, upon scientific validation & development, these antiviral phytochemicals can attain a futuristic nutraceutical prospect in managing different encapsulated viruses. (HC) is widely reported for activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. The major antiviral bioactive components of HC include essential oils (methyl n-nonyl ketone, lauryl aldehyde, capryl aldehyde), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, hyperin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin), and alkaloids (norcepharadione B) & polysaccharides. HC can further be explored as a potential nutraceutical agent in the therapy of encapsulated viruses like HIV, HSV, and influenza. The review listed various conventional and green technologies that are being employed to extract potent phytochemicals with diverse activities from the HC. It was indicated that HC also inhibited molecular targets like 3C-like protease (3CLPRO) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of COVID-19 by blocking viral RNA synthesis and replication. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of HC have been evident in impeding complications from marketed drugs during antiviral therapies. The use of HC as a nutraceutical is localized within some parts of Southeast Asia. Further technological advances can establish it as a nutraceutical-based functional food against pathogenic enveloped viruses like COVID 19.
新型包膜β冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2（新冠病毒）给全球带来了惊人的健康挑战。它会引发严重肺炎，导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。与SARS-CoV-2一样，其他包膜病毒如HIV、HSV和流感病毒过去也曾带来类似挑战。在这方面，人们正在探索多种抗病毒药物，且取得了不同程度的成功，以对抗相关病理状况。因此，经科学验证与研发，这些抗病毒植物化学物质在管理不同包膜病毒方面有望成为未来的营养保健品。已有广泛报道称（某种物质，文中未明确给出全称，暂用HC表示）具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗病毒特性等活性。HC的主要抗病毒生物活性成分包括精油（甲基正壬基酮、月桂醛、辛醛）、黄酮类化合物（槲皮素、芦丁、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷、异槲皮苷）、生物碱（去甲斑蝥素B）和多糖。HC可进一步作为潜在的营养保健品用于治疗HIV、HSV和流感等包膜病毒。该综述列出了各种传统和绿色技术，这些技术被用于从HC中提取具有多种活性的强效植物化学物质。研究表明，HC还通过阻断病毒RNA合成和复制来抑制新冠病毒的3C样蛋白酶（3CLPRO）和RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶（RdRp）等分子靶点。在抗病毒治疗期间，HC的抗氧化和肝脏保护作用在预防市售药物引发的并发症方面已很明显。HC作为营养保健品的使用局限于东南亚的一些地区。进一步的技术进步可以使其成为一种针对新冠病毒等致病性包膜病毒的基于营养保健品的功能性食品。
