Cisneros-Yupanqui Miluska, Lante Anna, Mihaylova Dasha, Krastanov Albert I, Rizzi Corrado
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment -DAFNAE, Università Di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy.
Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Food Bioproc Tech. 2023;16(4):691-703. doi: 10.1007/s11947-022-02895-0. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
The concept of functional foods is gaining more importance due to its role in maintaining a healthy status and preventing some metabolic diseases. The control of diabetes, in particular type-2 (T2DM), could be considered a big challenge since it involves other factors such as eating habits. From the pharmacological point of view, inhibiting digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, is one of the mechanisms mainly used by synthetic drugs to control this disease; however, several side effects are described. For that reason, using bioactive compounds may appear as an alternative without presenting the complications synthetic drugs available on the market have. The winemaking industry generates tons of waste annually, and grape pomace (GP) is the most important. GP is recognized for its nutritional value and as a source of bioactive compounds that are helpful for human health. This review highlights the importance of GP as a possible source of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. Also, it is emphasized the components involved in this bioactivity and the possible interactions among them. Especially, some phenolic compounds and fiber of GP are the main ones responsible for interfering with the human digestive enzymes. Preliminary studies in vitro confirmed this bioactivity; however, further information is required to allow the specific use of GP as a functional ingredient inside the market of products recommended for people with diabetes.
功能性食品的概念因其在维持健康状态和预防某些代谢性疾病方面的作用而变得越来越重要。糖尿病的控制，尤其是2型糖尿病（T2DM），可能是一项巨大的挑战，因为它涉及饮食习惯等其他因素。从药理学角度来看，抑制消化酶，如α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶，是合成药物控制这种疾病主要采用的机制之一；然而，有几种副作用被描述出来。因此，使用生物活性化合物可能是一种替代方法，不会出现市场上现有合成药物的并发症。酿酒行业每年产生大量废物，葡萄皮渣（GP）是最重要的。GP因其营养价值以及作为对人体健康有益的生物活性化合物的来源而受到认可。本综述强调了GP作为α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂潜在来源的重要性。此外，还强调了参与这种生物活性的成分以及它们之间可能的相互作用。特别是，GP中的一些酚类化合物和纤维是干扰人体消化酶的主要成分。体外初步研究证实了这种生物活性；然而，需要更多信息才能将GP作为功能性成分具体应用于推荐给糖尿病患者的产品市场。
