Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
Research Centre of SMONAGENES (Smart Molecules of Natural Genetic Resources) Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2024 Aug 23;2024:6833341. doi: 10.1155/2024/6833341. eCollection 2024.
The flavonoid compounds in K., known for their various benefits, are prone to quick degradation, leading to reduced biological activity. This research aimed to evaluate the types of coatings: gum Arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MD), and a combination of both (MDGA) in K. extract microcapsules. The extract of K. was encapsulated by different coating materials, GA, MD, and MDGA, and then dried using a freeze-drying technique. The evaluation was carried out by comparing the encapsulation efficiency values, biological activity, and release tests of each type of microcapsule coating. The research results indicate that coating agents have impacts significantly at < 0.05 on efficiency encapsulation. Flavonoids were retained up to 79.67% by the MDGA coating, compared with 72.8% and 47.66% retained by single GA and MD coatings, respectively. The results of the encapsulation efficiency are supported by the results of characterization using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), where MDGA has rounder shapes with smoother surfaces compared with a single coating alone, like GA or MD. In addition, by particle size analysis using a particle size analyzer (PSA), the average sizes of MDGA, GA, and MD microcapsules were shown at 154.13 m, 152 m, and 166.81 m, respectively. The three microcapsules showed an order of activities as MDGA > GA > MD coatings in alpha-amylase inhibition assay. Similar results were also shown in the antioxidant assay, which demonstrated that the three microcapsules had moderate antioxidant activities, again in the order of MDGA > GA > MD. The three different coating types showed greater release at pH 7.4 compared to those at pH 2.2 in the controlled release test, which ran from 30 to 120 min. In summary, freeze-drying microencapsulation using biodegradable polymers was identified as a viable method for harnessing the health benefits of K. extracts. This process produced a convenient powder form that could be used in drug delivery systems. The use of MDGA mixed coating resulted in better impact based on %EE value and biological activity, as well as improved characteristics of microcapsules compared with single coating.
K 中的类黄酮化合物以其多种益处而闻名，但它们容易快速降解，导致生物活性降低。本研究旨在评估不同涂层类型：阿拉伯胶（GA）、麦芽糊精（MD）和两者的混合物（MDGA）在 K. 提取物微胶囊中的应用。使用不同的包埋材料 GA、MD 和 MDGA 对 K. 提取物进行包埋，然后使用冷冻干燥技术进行干燥。通过比较每种类型微胶囊包埋效率值、生物活性和释放试验来进行评估。研究结果表明，包埋剂对效率包埋有显著影响（p<0.05）。MDGA 涂层保留了高达 79.67%的类黄酮，而单独使用 GA 和 MD 涂层分别保留了 72.8%和 47.66%的类黄酮。包埋效率的结果得到了使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行的特征描述结果的支持，其中 MDGA 具有更圆的形状和更光滑的表面，而不是单独的 GA 或 MD 涂层。此外，通过使用粒度分析仪（PSA）进行粒度分析，MDGA、GA 和 MD 微胶囊的平均粒径分别为 154.13μm、152μm 和 166.81μm。在α-淀粉酶抑制试验中，三种微胶囊的活性顺序为 MDGA>GA>MD 涂层。在抗氧化试验中也得到了类似的结果，表明三种微胶囊具有中等的抗氧化活性，再次是 MDGA>GA>MD 涂层。在控制释放试验中，三种不同的包埋类型在 pH7.4 下的释放率高于在 pH2.2 下的释放率，释放时间为 30-120 分钟。综上所述，使用可生物降解聚合物的冷冻干燥微囊化被确定为一种可行的方法，可以利用 K. 提取物的健康益处。该过程产生了一种方便的粉末形式，可以用于药物输送系统。与单一涂层相比，使用 MDGA 混合涂层在 EE%值和生物活性方面产生了更好的影响，并且改善了微胶囊的特性。
