State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Sep;106(18):5973-5986. doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-12141-4. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Carbamate pesticides are widely used in the environment, and compared with other pesticides in nature, they are easier to decompose and have less durability. However, due to the improper use of carbamate pesticides, some nontarget organisms still may be harmed. To this end, it is necessary to investigate effective removal or elimination methods for carbamate pesticides. Current effective elimination methods could be divided into four categories: physical removal, chemical reaction, biological degradation, and enzymatic degradation. Physical removal primarily includes elution, adsorption, and supercritical fluid extraction. The chemical reaction includes Fenton oxidation, photo-radiation, and net electron reduction. Biological degradation is an environmental-friendly manner, which achieves degradation by the metabolism of microorganisms. Enzymatic degradation is more promising due to its high substrate specificity and catalytic efficacy. All in all, this review primarily summarizes the property of carbamate pesticides and the traditional degradation methods as well as the promising biological elimination. KEY POINTS: • The occurrence and toxicity of carbamate pesticides were shown. • Biological degradation strains against carbamate pesticides were presented. • Promising enzymes responsible for the degradation of carbamates were discussed.
氨基甲酸酯类农药在环境中被广泛使用，与自然界中的其他农药相比，它们更容易分解，持效性更低。然而，由于氨基甲酸酯类农药使用不当，一些非靶标生物仍可能受到伤害。为此，有必要研究有效的氨基甲酸酯类农药去除或消除方法。目前有效的消除方法可分为四类：物理去除、化学反应、生物降解和酶降解。物理去除主要包括洗脱、吸附和超临界流体萃取。化学反应包括芬顿氧化、光辐射和净电子还原。生物降解是一种环保的方式，通过微生物的代谢实现降解。酶降解因其高底物特异性和催化效率而更有前途。总之，本文主要总结了氨基甲酸酯类农药的性质以及传统的降解方法和有前途的生物消除方法。关键点：
展示了氨基甲酸酯类农药的发生和毒性。
提出了针对氨基甲酸酯类农药的生物降解菌株。
讨论了负责降解氨基甲酸酯的有前途的酶。
