Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Sep 5;22(1):1684. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14091-y.
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are experiencing increased life expectancy mostly due to the success of anti-retroviral therapy. Consequently, they face the threat of chronic diseases attributed to ageing including hypertension. The risk of hypertension among PLHIV requires research attention particularly in South Africa where the prevalence of HIV is highest in Africa. We therefore examined the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among older people living with HIV in South Africa.
We analysed cross-sectional data on 514 older PLHIV. Data were extracted from the WHO SAGE Well-Being of Older People Study (WOPS) (2011-2013). The outcome variable was hypertension status. Data was analysed using STATA Version 14. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were performed. The results were presented in odds ratio with its corresponding confidence interval.
The prevalence of hypertension among PLHIV was 50.1%. Compared to PLHIV aged 50-59, those aged 60-69 [OR = 2.2; CI = 1.30,3.84], 70-79 years [OR = 2.8; CI = 1.37,5.82], and 80 + [OR = 4.9; CI = 1.68,14.05] had higher risk of hypertension. Females were more likely [OR = 5.5; CI = 2.67,11.12] than males to have hypertension. Persons ever diagnosed with stroke were more likely [OR = 3.3; CI = 1.04,10.65] to have hypertension when compared to their counterparts who have never been diagnosed with stroke. Compared to PLHIV who had no clinic visits, those who visited the clinic three to six times [OR = 5.3; CI = 1.35,21.01], or more than six times [OR = 5.5; CI = 1.41,21.41] were more likely to have hypertension.
More than half of South African older PLHIV are hypertensive. The factors associated with hypertension among older PLHIV are age, sex, ever diagnosed with stroke and number of times visited the clinic. Integration of hypertension management and advocacy in HIV care is urgently needed in South Africa in order to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of hypertension among older PLHIV, as well as enhance South Africa's capacity to attain the Sustainable Development Goal target 3.3.
由于抗逆转录病毒疗法的成功，HIV 感染者（PLHIV）的预期寿命有所延长。因此，他们面临着与衰老相关的慢性疾病的威胁，包括高血压。在 HIV 发病率为非洲最高的南非，PLHIV 患高血压的风险需要引起研究关注。因此，我们研究了南非老年 PLHIV 中高血压的患病率和相关因素。
我们分析了来自世界卫生组织 SAGE 老年人健康研究（WOPS）（2011-2013 年）的 514 名老年 PLHIV 的横断面数据。将高血压状态作为因变量。使用 STATA 版本 14 进行数据分析。采用卡方检验和二元逻辑回归。结果以比值比及其相应的置信区间表示。
PLHIV 中高血压的患病率为 50.1%。与 50-59 岁的 PLHIV 相比，60-69 岁（OR=2.2；CI=1.30，3.84）、70-79 岁（OR=2.8；CI=1.37，5.82）和 80 岁及以上（OR=4.9；CI=1.68，14.05）的 PLHIV 患高血压的风险更高。女性患高血压的可能性（OR=5.5；CI=2.67，11.12）高于男性。与从未被诊断患有中风的患者相比，曾被诊断患有中风的患者（OR=3.3；CI=1.04，10.65）更有可能患有高血压。与未就诊的 PLHIV 相比，就诊 3-6 次（OR=5.3；CI=1.35，21.01）或就诊 6 次以上（OR=5.5；CI=1.41，21.41）的 PLHIV 更有可能患高血压。
超过一半的南非老年 PLHIV 患有高血压。与老年 PLHIV 高血压相关的因素包括年龄、性别、曾被诊断患有中风和就诊次数。为了加速降低老年 PLHIV 高血压的患病率，并增强南非实现可持续发展目标 3.3 的能力，迫切需要在南非将高血压管理和宣传纳入 HIV 护理中。
