Sigmund-Freud-Institut, Myliusstr. 20, 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Am J Psychoanal. 2022 Sep;82(3):405-425. doi: 10.1057/s11231-022-09368-5.
Facing the rupture the Shoah marks in the history of humanity and in the life of survivors and their relatives, this article approaches long-term psychosocial consequences-after Auschwitz. The dimensions of "forgetting" in post-Nazi Germany are brought into focus by the remembering and passing on of extreme traumatic experiences of persecution. To gain insights into these processes, this article differentiates between traumatization and extreme traumatization. Survivors remember and pass on their experiences of persecution, especially through non-verbal communication and in the form of unconsciously shaped "scenes." This Scenic Memory of the Shoah is conveyed in relationships with descendants, to fellow human beings, to the environment and thus also in experiences of anti-Semitism in Germany today. The fact that extreme traumatization is expressed precisely in scenes of coexistence also means that it must be understood as an embedded factor in society, in culture-in forgetting and remembering "afterwards."
面对大屠杀在人类历史和幸存者及其亲属生活中所造成的断裂，本文探讨了大屠杀之后的长期心理社会后果。纳粹德国时期的“遗忘”维度，通过对被压迫的极端创伤经历的记忆和传承而突显出来。为了深入了解这些过程，本文区分了创伤和极端创伤。幸存者通过非言语沟通和无意识形成的“场景”等形式，记住并传递他们被迫害的经历。大屠杀的这种场景记忆通过与后代、人类同胞、环境的关系传递，因此也体现在当今德国的反犹太主义经历中。极端创伤正是以共存场景的形式表现出来，这意味着它必须被理解为社会、文化中的一个内在因素——在“之后”的遗忘和记忆中。
