Graybiel A
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1979 Feb;50(2):171-6.
Today it is impossible accurately to predict susceptibility to space sickness of crew members making their first transition into orbit, for want of a ground-based validated model of free fall. Even assuming that space sickness is simply a specific designation for motion sickness that may be experienced in orbital flight (and here agreement is not general), preventive therapy poses difficult problems because, for a priori reasons, either all crew members or none should receive treatment. If all receive preventive therapy, everyone should execute head movements in a programmed manner to ensure rapid adaptation to the environment; at least a large minority will not benefit but rather will experience whatever sideeffects inevitably accompany administration of a drug. If none receive preventive therapy prelaunch, at least a large minority will pose two problems--treatment for acute motion sickness and rapid acquisition of adaptation. Trade-offs will involve the identification of long-acting antimotion sickness drugs for use prelaunch that will be efficacious for at least 90% of those going aloft for the first time and the effectiveness of combining rapid adaptation with treatment of motion sickness. The following report describes recent experiments dealing with these problems.
由于缺乏经过地面验证的自由落体模型，如今要准确预测首次进入轨道的机组人员患太空病的易感性是不可能的。即使假设太空病仅仅是在轨道飞行中可能出现的晕动病的一种特定表述（而对此并非普遍认同），预防性治疗也会带来难题，因为基于先验原因，要么所有机组人员都接受治疗，要么无人接受治疗。如果所有人都接受预防性治疗，每个人都应以程序化方式进行头部运动，以确保快速适应环境；至少有一大部分人不会从中受益，反而会经历药物给药不可避免伴随的任何副作用。如果在发射前无人接受预防性治疗，至少有一大部分人会带来两个问题——急性晕动病的治疗以及快速适应的获取。权衡将涉及确定发射前使用的长效抗晕动病药物，这些药物对至少90%首次升空的人有效，以及将快速适应与晕动病治疗相结合的有效性。以下报告描述了处理这些问题的近期实验。
