Davis J R, Jennings R T, Beck B G, Bagian J P
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1993 Mar;64(3 Pt 1):230-3.
Intramuscular promethazine and its efficacy in the treatment of Space Motion Sickness (SMS) were evaluated using standardized questions administered during postflight debriefings to crewmembers immediately after their first Shuttle flight. Space Motion Sickness was graded as none, mild, moderate, or severe, based on published criteria. Immediate symptom relief (within 1-2 h) was evaluated by subjective reports; medication efficacy was based on scores derived from the four most frequently reported symptoms of SMS: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and stomach awareness. Scores were given for each symptom, mild = 1, moderate = 2, and severe = 3, and added for a total score for each flight day. Following intramuscular (IM) promethazine on flight day 1, the scores were used to determine if the crewmembers were "sick" or "not sick" on flight day 2. On the basis of the scoring criteria, any subject with a score adding to greater than three, with any severe symptom, or with vomiting was defined as "sick." The comparison showed that 25% of crewmembers treated with IM promethazine were "sick" on flight day 2, compared to 50% of crewmembers who did not receive promethazine (p = 0.046). Of crewmembers treated with IM promethazine, 90% reported immediate symptom relief as well. Untreated crewmembers typically have slow symptom resolution over 72-96 h, and those treated with oral scopolamine/dextroamphetamine show delayed symptom development. This study suggests that intramuscular promethazine is an effective treatment for SMS and merits continued use and further controlled investigations.
在机组人员首次航天飞机飞行后，通过飞行后汇报期间使用标准化问题进行评估，来研究肌肉注射异丙嗪及其对太空运动病（SMS）的治疗效果。根据已发表的标准，将太空运动病分为无、轻度、中度或重度。通过主观报告评估即时症状缓解情况（1-2小时内）；药物疗效基于从SMS最常报告的四种症状得出的分数：恶心、呕吐、食欲不振和胃部不适。每种症状给出分数，轻度=1，中度=2，重度=3，并将每个飞行日的分数相加得到总分。在第1飞行日肌肉注射（IM）异丙嗪后，这些分数用于确定机组人员在第2飞行日是否“患病”。根据评分标准，任何总分超过三分、有任何严重症状或呕吐的受试者被定义为“患病”。比较结果显示，在第2飞行日，接受IM异丙嗪治疗的机组人员中有25%“患病”，而未接受异丙嗪治疗的机组人员中有50%“患病”（p=0.046）。在接受IM异丙嗪治疗的机组人员中，90%也报告了症状即时缓解。未经治疗的机组人员症状通常在72-96小时内缓慢缓解，而接受口服东莨菪碱/右旋苯丙胺治疗的机组人员症状出现延迟。这项研究表明，肌肉注射异丙嗪是治疗SMS的有效方法，值得继续使用并进行进一步的对照研究。
