Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2023 Jan;138:104524. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104524. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Intestinal inflammation in poultry is a complex response that involves immune and intestinal cells which is still not fully understood. Thus, to better understand the mechanisms that drive the chronic intestinal inflammation in fowl we conducted an experiment applying a previously established nutritional model of low-grade chronic intestinal inflammation to evaluate cytokine and chemokine profiles in the chicken intestine. For this, we placed 90 one-day chickens into two treatments: (1) a control group (CNT) fed a corn-soybean diet, and (2) a group fed a diet high in non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). At days 14, 22, 28 and 36 of age, 6 birds from each treatment were euthanized, jejunal and ileal samples were collected for histological examination and cytokine measurements. The cytokines interferon-alpha (IFN-α), IFN-γ, interleukin-16 (IL-16), IL-10, IL-21, IL-6, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20), CCL4, CCL5 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were quantified in the intestinal tissue. Histologically, both jejunum and ileum of broilers fed NSP diet showed marked infiltration of mononuclear immune cells into the villi. Further, these birds exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in CCL20 concentration in the jejunum at 14d, but a dramatic reduction of M-CSF at 14 and 21d. Later at 28d and 36d, birds fed the NSP diet exhibited increased IL-16 concentration in the jejunum. Since M-CSF is a monocyte stimulatory cytokine and CCL20 a chemokine of T-cells, the reduced M-CSF and increased production of CCL20 may indicate the involvement of the adaptive immune response, specifically driven by T-cells, occurring around the third week of age in the NSP model. Lastly, as a result of the mononuclear cell infiltration and activation of T-cells, IL-16, a pro-inflammatory T-cell cytokine, increased. Therefore, the current work indicates the importance of adaptive immune cells, especially T-cells, in the chronic intestinal inflammation in broiler chicken.
家禽的肠道炎症是一种复杂的反应，涉及免疫和肠道细胞，但目前尚未完全了解。因此，为了更好地了解驱动家禽慢性肠道炎症的机制，我们应用了先前建立的低水平慢性肠道炎症的营养模型来评估鸡肠道中的细胞因子和趋化因子谱。为此，我们将 90 只 1 日龄的鸡分为两组：（1）对照组（CNT），喂食玉米-豆粕日粮；（2）高非淀粉多糖（NSP）日粮组。在 14、22、28 和 36 日龄时，每组各处死 6 只鸡，采集空肠和回肠样本进行组织学检查和细胞因子测量。在肠道组织中定量了干扰素-α（IFN-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-16（IL-16）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、白细胞介素-21（IL-21）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（M-CSF）、趋化因子 C-C 基序配体 20（CCL20）、CCL4、CCL5 和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。结果表明，喂食 NSP 日粮的肉鸡空肠和回肠均出现单核免疫细胞明显浸润绒毛。此外，这些鸡在 14 日龄时，空肠中 CCL20 浓度显著增加（P<0.05），而在 14 日龄和 21 日龄时，M-CSF 显著减少。随后，在 28 日龄和 36 日龄时，喂食 NSP 日粮的鸡空肠中 IL-16 浓度增加。由于 M-CSF 是单核细胞刺激细胞因子，CCL20 是 T 细胞趋化因子，M-CSF 减少和 CCL20 产生增加可能表明适应性免疫反应的参与，特别是由 T 细胞驱动，发生在 NSP 模型的第三周左右。最后，由于单核细胞浸润和 T 细胞激活，促炎 T 细胞细胞因子 IL-16 增加。因此，目前的工作表明适应性免疫细胞，特别是 T 细胞，在肉鸡慢性肠道炎症中的重要性。
