Hawkins Emilie, Papworth Sarah
Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX UK.
Int J Primatol. 2022;43(6):1110-1132. doi: 10.1007/s10764-022-00297-9. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
The risk-disturbance hypothesis states that animals react to human stressors in the same way as they do to natural predators. Given increasing human-wildlife contact, understanding whether animals perceive anthropogenic sounds as a threat is important for assessing the long-term sustainability of wildlife tourism and proposing appropriate mitigation strategies. A study of pygmy marmoset () responses to human speech found marmosets fled, decreased feeding and resting, and increased alert behaviors in response to human speech. Following this study, we investigated pygmy marmoset reactions to playbacks of different acoustic stimuli: controls (no playback, white noise and cicadas), anthropogenic noise (human speech and motorboats), and avian predators. For each playback condition, we recorded the behavior of a marmoset and looked at how the behaviors changed during and after the playback relative to behaviors before. We repeated this on ten different marmoset groups, playing each condition once to each group. The results did not replicate a previous study on the same species, at the same site, demonstrating the importance of replication in primate research, particularly when results are used to inform conservation policy. The results showed increased scanning during playbacks of the cicadas and predators compared with before the playback, and an increase in resting after playbacks of avian predators, but no evidence of behavior change in response to playbacks of human speech. There was no effect of ambient sound levels or distance between the playback source and focal animals on their behavior for all playback conditions. Although we find that noise can change the behavior of pygmy marmosets, we did not find evidence to support the risk-disturbance hypothesis.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10764-022-00297-9.
风险干扰假说指出，动物对人类应激源的反应方式与它们对自然捕食者的反应方式相同。鉴于人类与野生动物的接触日益增加，了解动物是否将人为声音视为威胁对于评估野生动物旅游业的长期可持续性以及提出适当的缓解策略至关重要。一项关于侏儒狨猴（）对人类语音反应的研究发现，狨猴会逃跑、减少进食和休息，并在听到人类语音时增加警觉行为。在这项研究之后，我们调查了侏儒狨猴对不同声学刺激回放的反应：对照组（无回放、白噪声和蝉鸣声）、人为噪声（人类语音和摩托艇声）以及鸟类捕食者的声音。对于每种回放条件，我们记录了一只狨猴的行为，并观察了回放期间及之后相对于回放前行为的变化情况。我们在十个不同的狨猴群体上重复了这一过程，每个条件对每个群体播放一次。结果并未重复在同一地点对同一物种进行的先前研究，这表明了在灵长类动物研究中重复实验的重要性，尤其是当研究结果用于为保护政策提供依据时。结果显示，与回放前相比，在播放蝉鸣声和捕食者声音时扫描行为增加，在播放鸟类捕食者声音后休息行为增加，但没有证据表明对人类语音回放有行为变化。对于所有回放条件，环境声音水平或回放源与焦点动物之间的距离对它们的行为没有影响。虽然我们发现噪声会改变侏儒狨猴的行为，但我们没有找到支持风险干扰假说的证据。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10764-022-00297-9获取的补充材料。
