Faltusová Monika, Cukor Jan, Linda Rostislav, Silovský Václav, Kušta Tomáš, Ježek Miloš
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, V.V.I., Strnady 136, 252 02 Jíloviště, Czech Republic.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Sep 19;14(18):2710. doi: 10.3390/ani14182710.
Currently, African swine fever (ASF), a highly fatal disease has become pervasive, with outbreaks recorded across European countries, leading to preventative measures to restrict wild boar ( L.) movement, and, therefore, keep ASF from spreading. This study aims to detail how specific human activities-defined as "car", "dog", "chainsaw", and "tourism"-affect wild boar behavior, considering the disturbance proximity, and evaluate possible implications for wild boar management in ASF-affected areas. Wild boar behavior was studied using advanced biologging technology. This study tracks and analyzes wild boar movements and behavioral responses to human disturbances. This study utilizes the dead reckoning method to precisely reconstruct the animal movements and evaluate behavioral changes based on proximity to disturbances. The sound of specific human activities was reproduced for telemetered animals from forest roads from different distances. Statistical analyses show that wild boars exhibit increased vigilance and altered movement patterns in response to closer human activity, but only in a small number of cases and with no significantly longer time scale. The relative representation of behaviors after disruption confirmed a high instance of resting behavior (83%). Running was the least observed reaction in only 0.9% of all cases. The remaining reactions were identified as foraging (5.1%), walking (5.0%), standing (2.2%), and other (3.8%). The findings suggest that while human presence and activities do influence wild boar behavior, adherence to movement restrictions and careful management of human activity in ASF-infected areas is not a necessary measure if human movement is limited to forest roads.
目前，非洲猪瘟（ASF）这种高度致命的疾病已广泛传播，欧洲各国均有疫情报告，这促使采取预防措施来限制野猪（Sus scrofa）的活动，从而防止非洲猪瘟的传播。本研究旨在详细说明特定的人类活动——定义为“汽车”“狗”“电锯”和“旅游”——如何影响野猪行为，同时考虑干扰的接近程度，并评估对受非洲猪瘟影响地区野猪管理的潜在影响。我们使用先进的生物记录技术对野猪行为进行了研究。本研究追踪并分析了野猪的活动以及它们对人类干扰的行为反应。本研究采用航位推测法精确重建动物的活动轨迹，并根据与干扰源的接近程度评估行为变化。从不同距离的林间道路向装有遥测设备的动物播放特定人类活动的声音。统计分析表明，野猪会因更接近的人类活动而提高警惕并改变活动模式，但这种情况只在少数案例中出现，且时间尺度没有显著延长。干扰后各种行为的相对占比显示，休息行为的占比很高（83%）。奔跑是最少观察到的反应，仅占所有案例的0.9%。其余反应分别为觅食（5.1%）、行走（5.0%）、站立（2.2%）和其他（3.8%）。研究结果表明，虽然人类的存在和活动确实会影响野猪行为，但如果人类活动仅限于林间道路，那么在非洲猪瘟感染地区遵守活动限制并谨慎管理人类活动并非必要措施。
