Pavón-Romero Gandhi Fernando, Calderón-Ezquerro María Del Carmen, Rodríguez-Cervantes Michelle Alejandra, Fernández-Villanueva David, Melgoza-Ruiz Esmeralda, Ramírez-Jiménez Fernando, Teran Luis M
Department of Immunogenetics and Allergy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.
Grupo Bioaerosoles atmosféricos, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Asthma Allergy. 2022 Sep 1;15:1227-1243. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S373307. eCollection 2022.
To evaluate the association between allergic sensitivity and pollen counts in patients with allergic respiratory disease (ARD) and its relationship with atmospheric pollutants.
From 2012 to 2018, we evaluated the sensitivity by skin prick test in ARD patients. The pollen counts were analyzed according to international guidelines (2014-2018). The pollutant and meteorological data were obtained at the same time from AIRE-CDMX websites. We analyzed the association between allergic sensitivity and pollen counts using the χ2 test and stratified by disease allergic rhinitis (AR) and AR with asthma (ARwA), periods (before/after 2015), and pollination seasons (S1:2014-2015), (S2:2015-2016), (S3:2016-2017), (S4:2017-2018). Likewise, we correlated the pollen counts with the concentrations of pollutants using Pearson's correlation. For all analyses, we used SPSS v.21 software, and a -value <0.05 was considered significant.
A total of 520 patients were enrolled, of whom 67.3% had ARwA and 33.7% had AR (<0.05). The frequency of patients allergic to at least one pollen was higher compared with patients sensitive to indoor allergens (55.3% vs 44.6%, <0.001). A total of 46.8% of the patients were only sensitive to trees in comparison to other outdoor allergens (<0.001). The sp. and the Cupressaceae family allergens were approximately two times more frequent than the other tree allergens in both diseases (<0.05). These pollens doubled their counts since 2015 (<0.001), which was associated with increases in sensitivity for sp. and the Cupressaceae family compared to previous years (<0.001). Regarding pollutants, the most significant correlations were with PM, NO, PM for sp. pollen concentrations in all seasons (≤0.02).
The high increases in pollen counts of the sp. and Cupressaceae family were associated with increases in the frequency of sensitization to these species, and this phenomenon correlated with increases in PM, NO, and PM.
评估过敏性呼吸道疾病（ARD）患者的过敏敏感性与花粉计数之间的关联及其与大气污染物的关系。
2012年至2018年，我们通过皮肤点刺试验评估ARD患者的敏感性。根据国际指南（2014 - 2018年）分析花粉计数。同时从AIRE - CDMX网站获取污染物和气象数据。我们使用χ2检验分析过敏敏感性与花粉计数之间的关联，并按疾病变应性鼻炎（AR）和变应性鼻炎合并哮喘（ARwA）、时期（2015年之前/之后）以及授粉季节（S1：2014 - 2015年）、（S2：2015 - 2016年）、（S3：2016 - 2017年）、（S4：2017 - 2018年）进行分层。同样，我们使用Pearson相关性分析花粉计数与污染物浓度之间的关系。对于所有分析，我们使用SPSS v.21软件，P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
共纳入520例患者，其中67.3%患有ARwA，33.7%患有AR（P<0.05）。对至少一种花粉过敏的患者频率高于对室内过敏原敏感的患者（55.3%对44.6%，P<0.001）。与其他室外过敏原相比，共有46.8%的患者仅对树木过敏（P<0.001）。在两种疾病中，松属和柏科家族过敏原的出现频率比其他树木过敏原高出约两倍（P<0.05）。自2015年以来，这些花粉的计数增加了一倍（P<0.001），这与松属和柏科家族的敏感性相比前几年有所增加相关（P<0.001）。关于污染物，在所有季节中，与松属花粉浓度相关性最显著的是PM、NO、PM（P≤0.02）。
松属和柏科家族花粉计数的大幅增加与对这些物种致敏频率的增加相关，并且这种现象与PM、NO和PM的增加相关。
