Finne Emily, Nigg Carina, Weyland Susanne, Sauzet Odile, Wienke Benjamin, Jekauc Darko
School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2022 Aug 22;13:815466. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.815466. eCollection 2022.
Previous research has shown evidence on the role of affective states for physical activity behavior. However, there is a lack of research investigating the interplay between affective states, intentions, and exercise behavior, especially with respect to maintaining regular exercise over time. The study aimed to investigate whether post-exercise affective states and changes in affect during exercise (i) are related to exercise intentions; (ii) moderate the relationship between intention and subsequent exercise behavior, and (iii) directly predict future exercise.
Participants from weekly voluntary sports and gym classes at two universities were recruited. For 13 weeks, 268 individuals' (M = 24.5 years, SD = 5.6, 90% students, 67.4% female) class attendance was documented on a weekly basis. Before and immediately after training, participants self-reported affective states, including affective valence (Feeling Scale) and perceived arousal (Felt Arousal Scale). Participants also reported their intention to re-attend the class the following week. Mixed-effect linear models and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the relationships between affective states, change in affective states, re-attendance intentions, and class re-attention.
Affective valence at the end of training was significantly positively associated with the intention to re-attend the class on the within-person level (β = 0.880, < 0.001) as well as the between-person level (β = 0.831, < 0.001), while higher increases of valence during class were related to smaller intention. For class re-attendance, significant effects of affective states were only found on the within-person level. A one-point increase on the valence scale increased the hazard ratio to re-attend by 8.4% ( < 0.05), but this effect was no longer meaningful after adjusting for intention. No moderation of the relationship between intention and subsequent class re-attendance was found.
The results suggest that positive affective state immediately after exercise does not facilitate translation of intentions into subsequent exercise behavior (i.e., do not close the intention-behavior gap). Rather, affective valence was found to be an important predictor of exercise intentions but seemed indirectly related to behavior intentions. Practitioners should plan exercise programs that allow for positive affective states especially at the end of a training.
先前的研究已证明情感状态对身体活动行为的作用。然而，缺乏研究调查情感状态、意图和锻炼行为之间的相互作用，尤其是关于随着时间推移保持规律锻炼方面。本研究旨在调查运动后的情感状态以及运动过程中情感的变化是否（i）与锻炼意图相关；（ii）调节意图与后续锻炼行为之间的关系；以及（iii）直接预测未来的锻炼情况。
招募了来自两所大学每周自愿参加体育和健身课程的参与者。在13周内，每周记录268名个体（平均年龄=24.5岁，标准差=5.6，90%为学生，67.4%为女性）的上课出勤情况。在训练前和训练后立即，参与者自我报告情感状态，包括情感效价（感觉量表）和感知唤醒（感觉唤醒量表）。参与者还报告了他们下周再次上课的意图。使用混合效应线性模型和Cox比例风险模型来检验情感状态、情感状态变化、再次出勤意图和再次上课之间的关系。
在个体内部水平（β=0.880，<0.001）以及个体之间水平（β=0.831，<0.001）上，训练结束时的情感效价与再次上课的意图显著正相关，而上课期间效价的更高增加与较小的意图相关。对于再次上课，仅在个体内部水平上发现了情感状态的显著影响。效价量表上增加一分会使再次上课的风险比增加8.4%（<0.05），但在调整意图后这种影响不再显著。未发现意图与后续再次上课之间的关系存在调节作用。
结果表明，运动后立即出现的积极情感状态并不能促进意图转化为后续的锻炼行为（即不能缩小意图-行为差距）。相反，情感效价被发现是锻炼意图的重要预测指标，但似乎与行为意图间接相关。从业者应规划能够带来积极情感状态的锻炼计划，尤其是在训练结束时。
