Xu Weiqiang, Silva Rui Miguel, Trybulski Robert, Han Xinjie, Yu Yue, Clemente Filipe Manuel
Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
J Sports Sci Med. 2025 Mar 1;24(2):292-302. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2025.292. eCollection 2025 Jun.
This study examined the relationship between well-being, exercise intensity, and enjoyment in soccer players. Seventy-seven players participated in this study. Participants performed the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and took part in four training formats: 5v5 and 1v1 small-sided games (SSGs), long HIIT, and short HIIT. Enjoyment was measured using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), well-being was assessed with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (SNQ), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Total Mood Disturbance (TMD), sleep duration, and Perceived Recovery Status (PRS). Exercise intensity was measured with heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). TMD predicted enjoyment across all training formats (β = -0.68 to -0.36, p < 0.001). Sleep duration predicted enjoyment in long HIIT (β = -.21, p < 0.05), SNQ predicted enjoyment in 1v1 SSGs (β = 0.29, p < 0.05), PRS predicted enjoyment in short HIIT (β = 0.20, p < 0.05), and RPE predicted enjoyment in long HIIT (β = -0.30, p < 0.01). The regression models were statistically significant across all conditions, indicating that 33% to 49% of the variance in enjoyment was explained by well-being and intensity. This study showed that TMD was the strongest predictor of enjoyment. Lower sleep duration and higher RPE reduced enjoyment in long HIIT. In 1v1 SSGs, greater SNQ was associated with higher enjoyment, while in short HIIT, a higher PRS resulted in higher enjoyment. However, potential confounding factors such as individual fitness levels, baseline mood, and training experience may have influenced these findings. Coaches should consider mood, sleep, recovery, and exertion when planning training to enhance enjoyment.
本研究考察了足球运动员的幸福感、运动强度与运动乐趣之间的关系。77名运动员参与了本研究。参与者进行了30-15间歇体能测试，并参加了四种训练形式：5对5和1对1小场地比赛（SSG）、长时间高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和短时间高强度间歇训练。使用体育活动乐趣量表（PACES）测量运动乐趣，通过北欧肌肉骨骼问卷（SNQ）、情绪状态剖面图（POMS）、总情绪紊乱（TMD）、睡眠时间和感知恢复状态（PRS）评估幸福感。通过心率（HR）和主观用力程度（RPE）测量运动强度。TMD预测了所有训练形式下的运动乐趣（β=-0.68至-0.36，p<0.001）。睡眠时间预测了长时间HIIT中的运动乐趣（β=-0.21，p<0.05），SNQ预测了1对1 SSG中的运动乐趣（β=0.29，p<0.05），PRS预测了短时间HIIT中的运动乐趣（β=0.20，p<0.05），RPE预测了长时间HIIT中的运动乐趣（β=-0.30，p<0.01）。所有条件下的回归模型均具有统计学意义，表明幸福感和运动强度解释了33%至49%的运动乐趣方差。本研究表明，TMD是运动乐趣的最强预测因素。长时间HIIT中，睡眠时间缩短和RPE升高会降低运动乐趣。在1对1 SSG中，较高的SNQ与较高的运动乐趣相关，而在短时间HIIT中，较高的PRS会带来较高的运动乐趣。然而，个体 fitness 水平、基线情绪和训练经验等潜在混杂因素可能影响了这些结果。教练在规划训练以提高运动乐趣时应考虑情绪、睡眠、恢复和用力程度。
