Feil Katharina, Weyland Susanne, Fritsch Julian, Wäsche Hagen, Jekauc Darko
Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jul 4;13:929380. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.929380. eCollection 2022.
Future-oriented emotions could influence our decisions in everyday life and help understand why some individuals are physically active whilst others are not. Current literature distinguishes between two future-oriented emotion constructs: anticipatory and anticipated emotions. While anticipatory emotions are currently experienced emotions about a future event, anticipated emotions refer to the emotions that a person is expected to experience when confronted with a future event. The main aims of the present study were (1) to identify and describe (a) categories of anticipatory emotions experienced before exercise, and (b) categories of anticipated emotions expected to be experienced during and after exercise, and (2) to develop a theoretical model of anticipated emotion categories. Sixteen participants ( = 26.03, = 6.66) were recruited for semi-structured interviews, and their statements were analyzed using principles of the Grounded Theory. In total, 13 different anticipatory and anticipated emotion categories were identified, such as enjoyment, anxiety, pride, self-anger, and relief. Anticipatory emotions seem to reflect the current affective valence of exercising and may be influenced by daily factors. With regards to anticipated emotions, the results show that regular exercisers anticipated also negative emotions such as anxiety, disappointment, and self-anger, and non-regular exercisers also anticipated positive emotions such as enjoyment, pride, and satisfaction. Therefore, future research should not only focus on the valence of future-oriented emotions, but should investigate the possible impact of specific anticipated emotions on exercise behavior. In addition, a theoretical model of anticipated emotion categories in exercise behavior derived from the interviews. The model outlines different categories of anticipated emotions based on appraisal processes. In conclusion, we assume that this developmental process of anticipated emotions may be embedded in a broader, cyclical process within the context of exercising.
面向未来的情绪会影响我们在日常生活中的决策，并有助于理解为什么有些人积极锻炼而有些人却不这样做。当前的文献区分了两种面向未来的情绪结构：预期情绪和预感到的情绪。预期情绪是当前对未来事件所体验到的情绪，而预感到的情绪是指一个人在面对未来事件时预计会体验到的情绪。本研究的主要目的是：（1）识别并描述（a）运动前体验到的预期情绪类别，以及（b）运动期间和运动后预计会体验到的预感到的情绪类别；（2）构建一个预感到的情绪类别的理论模型。招募了16名参与者（平均年龄 = 26.03岁，标准差 = 6.66）进行半结构化访谈，并运用扎根理论原则对他们的陈述进行分析。总共识别出了13种不同的预期情绪和预感到的情绪类别，如愉悦、焦虑、自豪、自我愤怒和宽慰。预期情绪似乎反映了当前运动的情感效价，并且可能受到日常因素的影响。关于预感到的情绪，结果表明，经常锻炼的人也预计会有焦虑、失望和自我愤怒等负面情绪，而不经常锻炼的人也预计会有愉悦、自豪和满足等正面情绪。因此，未来的研究不仅应关注面向未来的情绪的效价，还应调查特定预感到的情绪对运动行为可能产生的影响。此外，还从访谈中得出了一个运动行为中预感到的情绪类别的理论模型。该模型基于评价过程概述了不同的预感到的情绪类别。总之，我们认为这种预感到的情绪的发展过程可能嵌入到运动背景下一个更广泛的循环过程中。
