National Key Laboratory of Medical University & Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Sep;153:113464. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113464. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
As tumor-specific antigens, neoantigens are ideal targets for immunotherapy, and their value in the clinical application has been noted and appreciated recently. Neoantigen-based cancer vaccine is also emerging as a promising novel therapeutic modality. Tumor neoantigen vaccines work by eliciting specific autogenous immune responses via inoculation of neoantigens in cancer patients to eliminate tumors. However, despite the good clinical efficacy and great potential of neoantigen vaccines, some challenges remain to be addressed. This review aims to illustrate the generation and development of neoantigen-specific immune responses, summarize the preparation technology and recent clinical research findings of neoantigen-based cancer vaccines, analyze the main challenges faced by neoantigen vaccines and present possible solutions. This review may provide new insights and foundation for future research and development of cancer vaccines and accelerate their clinical application process, and thereby benefit more patients with advanced tumors by early interventions.
作为肿瘤特异性抗原，新抗原是免疫治疗的理想靶点，其在临床应用中的价值最近受到关注和认可。基于新抗原的癌症疫苗也正在成为一种很有前途的新型治疗方式。肿瘤新抗原疫苗通过接种癌症患者的新抗原，引发特异性自体免疫反应，从而消除肿瘤。然而，尽管新抗原疫苗具有良好的临床疗效和巨大的潜力，但仍存在一些挑战需要解决。本文旨在阐述新抗原特异性免疫反应的产生和发展，总结新抗原癌症疫苗的制备技术和近期临床研究结果，分析新抗原疫苗面临的主要挑战并提出可能的解决方案。本文可为癌症疫苗的未来研究和开发提供新的思路和基础，加速其临床应用进程，从而使更多晚期肿瘤患者受益于早期干预。
