KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, 34054 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae‑ro, Dongdaemun‑gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduation School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae‑ro, Dongdaemun‑gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Sep;153:113501. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113501. Epub 2022 Aug 4.
Pinus koraiensis leaf (PKL) extract exerts antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects; however, its anti-fatigue properties have not been elucidated to date. In this study, the anti-fatigue properties of PKL were evaluated by assessing the endurance of mice by a weight-loaded forced swimming (WLFS) and rotarod (RR) tests. Subsequently, various behavioral, biochemical, and physiological parameters were measured. Treatment with PKL decreased hepatic and muscular glycogen levels in mice subjected to WLFS and RR test compared to those in acute exercise-treated (AET) mice. Additionally, plasma levels of stress-related biochemical factors (lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen) decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased. Furthermore, PKL potentially improved mental fatigue by decreasing corticosterone and increasing serotonin levels. PKL increased the expression of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. Collectively, the anti-fatigue effects of PKL could be explained by its antioxidant activity, mediating effects on glycogen synthesis, and control over stress. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that PKL is a potential nutraceutical for improving exercise performance and alleviating fatigue.
红松叶提取物具有降血脂、降血糖和抗癌作用;然而，其抗疲劳特性尚未阐明。在这项研究中，通过体重负荷强迫游泳（WLFS）和转棒（RR）试验评估了红松叶的抗疲劳特性，评估了小鼠的耐力。随后，测量了各种行为、生化和生理参数。与急性运动处理（AET）小鼠相比，红松叶处理组小鼠在 WLFS 和 RR 试验中肝和肌肉糖原水平降低。此外，应激相关生化因子（乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶、氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和血尿素氮）的血浆水平显著降低（P < 0.05），而过氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的水平升高。此外，红松叶通过降低皮质酮和增加 5-羟色胺水平来改善精神疲劳。红松叶增加了海马中磷酸化环腺苷酸 3'，5'-单磷酸反应元件结合蛋白和脑源性神经营养因子的表达。综上所述，红松叶的抗疲劳作用可以用其抗氧化活性、对糖原合成的调节作用和对应激的控制来解释。总之，本研究的结果表明，红松叶是一种潜在的改善运动表现和缓解疲劳的营养保健品。
