Muelas Raquel, Romero Gema, Díaz José Ramón, Monllor Paula, Fernández-López Juana, Viuda-Martos Manuel, Cano-Lamadrid Marina, Sendra Esther
Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Carretera de Beniel, 03312 Alicante, Spain.
Foods. 2022 Aug 27;11(17):2601. doi: 10.3390/foods11172601.
Large amount of vegetal by-products are generated during production and processing steps. Introducing silage from vegetable by-products into dairy goat feed would be of great interest from the point of view of reducing costs and supporting the circular economy. The aim of this research was to study the effect of 40% inclusion of silage broccoli by-products and artichoke plant by-products in the diet of Murciano-Granadina goats throughout the lactation to establish milk suitability for fermented milks production. The novelty of this study is the use of milk from goats fed for a long term with a high inclusion of silages from artichoke plant and broccoli by-products, being the first one on broccoli inclusion. Two starter cultures thermophilic (YO-MIXTM300), and, mesophilic (MA400) were used and fermented milks were analyzed at two storage times after fermentation. Fermentation enhances antioxidant properties of fermented milks from all diets (p < 0.05), especially when mesophilic starter cultures are used. The main findings are that long term inclusion of 40% silage from broccoli and artichoke plant by-products in balanced diets of dairy goats yields milk suitable for fermentation by yogurt and cheese cultures, the inclusion of broccoli silage enhances antioxidant properties (p < 0.05), and, the inclusion of plant artichoke enhances fatty acids health indexes (p < 0.05).
在生产和加工过程中会产生大量植物副产品。从降低成本和支持循环经济的角度来看，将蔬菜副产品青贮饲料引入奶山羊饲料中会很有意义。本研究的目的是研究在整个泌乳期，在穆尔西亚诺-格拉纳迪纳奶山羊的日粮中添加40%的西兰花副产品青贮饲料和洋蓟植物副产品青贮饲料的效果，以确定牛奶是否适合用于发酵乳生产。本研究的新颖之处在于使用长期饲喂高比例洋蓟植物青贮饲料和西兰花副产品青贮饲料的奶山羊所产的牛奶，且首次研究了西兰花青贮饲料的添加情况。使用了两种发酵剂，嗜热型（YO-MIXTM300）和嗜温型（MA400），并在发酵后的两个储存时间对发酵乳进行了分析。发酵提高了所有日粮发酵乳的抗氧化性能（p<0.05），尤其是在使用嗜温型发酵剂时。主要研究结果是，在奶山羊的平衡日粮中长期添加40%的西兰花和洋蓟植物副产品青贮饲料，所产牛奶适合用酸奶和奶酪发酵剂进行发酵，添加西兰花青贮饲料可提高抗氧化性能（p<0.05），添加洋蓟植物青贮饲料可提高脂肪酸健康指数（p<0.05）。
