Sciuto Simona, Colli Licia, Fabris Andrea, Pastorino Paolo, Stoppani Nadia, Esposito Giovanna, Prearo Marino, Esposito Giuseppe, Ajmone-Marsan Paolo, Acutis Pier Luigi, Colussi Silvia
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
Department of Animal Science, Food, Technology-DIANA, and Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Center-PRONUTRIGEN, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;12(17):2176. doi: 10.3390/ani12172176.
Infectious diseases place an economic burden on aquaculture and a limitation to its growth. An innovative approach to mitigate their impact on production is breeding for disease resistance: selection for domestication, family-based selection, marker-assisted selection, and more recently, genomic selection. Advances in genetics and genomics approaches to the control of infectious diseases are key to increasing aquaculture efficiency, profitability, and sustainability and to reducing its environmental footprint. Interaction and co-evolution between a host and pathogen can, however, turn breeding to boost infectious disease resistance into a potential driver of pathogenic change. Parallel molecular characterization of the pathogen and its virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes is therefore essential to understand pathogen evolution over time in response to host immunity, and to apply appropriate mitigation strategies.
传染病给水产养殖带来经济负担，并限制其发展。减轻其对生产影响的一种创新方法是抗病育种：驯化选择、家系选择、标记辅助选择，以及最近的基因组选择。遗传学和基因组学方法在控制传染病方面的进展是提高水产养殖效率、盈利能力和可持续性以及减少其环境足迹的关键。然而，宿主与病原体之间的相互作用和共同进化可能会使增强传染病抗性的育种成为致病变化的潜在驱动因素。因此，对病原体及其毒力和抗菌抗性基因进行平行分子表征，对于了解病原体随时间推移对宿主免疫的进化情况以及应用适当的缓解策略至关重要。
