Department of Pediatrics, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, 054001 Hebei, China.
Department of Orthodontic, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai, 054001 Hebei, China.
Comput Math Methods Med. 2022 Aug 30;2022:5096406. doi: 10.1155/2022/5096406. eCollection 2022.
Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common disease in otorhinolaryngology. Children with chronic snoring and hypoxia are susceptible to long-term nasal obstruction, while long-term open-mouth breathing may cause craniofacial bone development disorders and dull facial expressions, the so-called adenoid face. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of AH-induced airway obstruction (AO) on the growth and development of craniomaxillofacial structure and respiratory function (RF) in children. The clinical data of 56 AH children (observation group) and 42 healthy children with physical examination (control group) who visited the Hebei Eye Hospital during the same period were retrospectively analyzed. All children received acoustic rhinometry and X-ray cephalometric measurements. The upper airway structure, sleep disorder score, and / value of nasopharyngeal lateral X-ray images were compared between cases and controls. For AH children, sleep tests were also performed to assess their RF. X-ray cephalometric measurements of facial morphology showed obvious vertical growth, mandibular retrognathia, and enlarged mandibular angle in AH children. AH mainly affects the size of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway. AH children presented with higher nasal airway resistance (5.11 ± 1.95 cmHO/L min) and lower nasopharyngeal volume (NPV) (16.86 ± 3.93 cm) than controls. Of the AH children, 45 had abnormal RF, including 4 with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The / value of nasopharyngeal lateral X-ray images was significantly higher in AH children than in controls. Besides, worse sleep quality was found in AH children. The above differences were all of statistical significance. The above indicates that AH can affect the size of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway, change children's respiratory mode and RF, increase nasal resistance, and decrease NPV, resulting in upper respiratory tract stenosis, as well as craniomaxillofacial and oral malformations, which affects children's normal growth and development.
腺样体肥大（AH）是耳鼻喉科的一种常见疾病。患有慢性打鼾和缺氧的儿童容易长期鼻阻塞，而长期张口呼吸可能导致颅面骨发育障碍和表情呆滞，即所谓的腺样体面容。本工作旨在分析 AH 引起的气道阻塞（AO）对儿童颅颌面结构生长发育和呼吸功能（RF）的影响。回顾性分析了同期在河北眼科医院就诊的 56 例 AH 儿童（观察组）和 42 例健康体检儿童（对照组）的临床资料。所有儿童均接受声鼻测量和 X 线头影测量。比较病例组和对照组的上呼吸道结构、睡眠障碍评分和鼻咽侧位 X 线片 / 值。对 AH 儿童还进行睡眠测试以评估其 RF。面部形态的 X 线头影测量显示 AH 儿童有明显的垂直生长、下颌后缩和下颌角增大。AH 主要影响鼻咽和口咽气道的大小。AH 儿童的鼻腔气道阻力（5.11±1.95cmH2O/L·min）较高，鼻咽容积（NPV）（16.86±3.93cm）较低。在 AH 儿童中，有 45 人存在 RF 异常，其中 4 人患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。AH 儿童鼻咽侧位 X 线片 / 值明显高于对照组。此外，AH 儿童的睡眠质量较差。上述差异均有统计学意义。以上表明，AH 可影响鼻咽和口咽气道的大小，改变儿童的呼吸模式和 RF，增加鼻腔阻力，降低 NPV，导致上呼吸道狭窄以及颅面和口腔畸形，影响儿童的正常生长发育。
