In recent years, a large number of studies have demonstrated that obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） can lead to the abnormal development of maxillofacial region in pediatric patients, which may result in a 'vicious circle' aggravating OSA, therefore adversely affecting quality of life. Understanding the effect and mechanism of OSA on children's maxillofacial development is helpful to better prevent and treat OSA and maxillofacial dysplasia in children.