College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Aug 30;2022:6297231. doi: 10.1155/2022/6297231. eCollection 2022.
Weaning is one of the most stressful periods in yak growth. However, the impact of weaning on microbial diversity, structure, and potential function of yak feces is not clear. In this study, 12 Xinjiang yaks aged 3, 4, 5, and 6 months old were selected to collect fresh feces before and after weaning. Through 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing, the dynamic distribution and potential function of yak fecal, bacterial, and fungal communities in each month were revealed. The study found that the richness of fungi had a significant impact on weaning. At the phylum level, , , , and , and at the genus level, , , , , , , , and were enriched in yak feces of different months old. The abundance and proportion of bacteria , , , and fungi changed significantly before and after weaning. With the increase of months, and have shown a downward trend. Through the prediction and analysis of fecal microbial function, it was found that at the level of primary pathways, weaning has a significant impact on cellular processes, environmental information processing, genetic information processing, metabolism, and organismal systems. At the level of secondary metabolic pathways, weaning has a significant impact on cell motility, signal transduction, folding, sorting and degradation, translation, amino acid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. In addition, by analyzing the differences in functional pathways and microbial composition between sample groups of different months, it was found that the differences in functional pathways were related to the abundance differences of some microorganisms. In general, the changes in the composition and structure of yak fecal microflora may reflect the adaptability of the intestinal microbiota.
断奶是牦牛生长过程中最具压力的时期之一。然而，断奶对牦牛粪便微生物多样性、结构和潜在功能的影响尚不清楚。本研究选择了 12 头 3、4、5 和 6 月龄的新疆牦牛，在断奶前后采集新鲜粪便。通过 16S rRNA 和 ITS 高通量测序，揭示了每个月牦牛粪便细菌和真菌群落的动态分布和潜在功能。研究发现，真菌的丰富度对断奶有显著影响。在门水平上，放线菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门和梭杆菌门，在属水平上，、、、、、、、和被富集在不同月龄的牦牛粪便中。细菌、、和真菌的丰度和比例在断奶前后发生了显著变化。随着月龄的增加，和呈下降趋势。通过对粪便微生物功能的预测和分析，发现初级代谢途径水平上，断奶对细胞过程、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理、代谢和机体系统有显著影响。在次级代谢途径水平上，断奶对细胞运动、信号转导、折叠、分类和降解、翻译、氨基酸代谢、聚糖生物合成和代谢、萜类和聚酮类代谢以及外来生物降解和代谢有显著影响。此外，通过分析不同月龄样本组之间功能途径和微生物组成的差异，发现功能途径的差异与一些微生物的丰度差异有关。总之，牦牛粪便微生物菌群组成和结构的变化可能反映了肠道微生物群的适应性。
