are with the UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
are with the UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Nutr Rev. 2023 Feb 10;81(3):333-345. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac061.
Poor sleep is increasingly seen as an issue of public health concern. In recent years, there has been growing interest in protein as a route to improve sleep outcomes; however, the evidence is limited and inconclusive.
To examine, using a systematic review and meta-analysis, the effect of increased protein intake (≥1 g/kg//d, ≥25% of total energy intake, or protein supplementation of ≥10 g/d/) on sleep outcomes in adults.
On November 30, 2021, 5 electronic databases were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool, version 2.0.
Five sleep outcomes were included in this systematic review (sleep quality [SQ], sleep latency [SL], sleep efficiency [SEff], sleep time [ST], wake episodes, and other sleep outcomes) and 4 in the meta-analysis (SQ, SL, SEff, and ST). The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.
Twelve intervention studies reported on in 10 articles were included. The qualitative analyses showed that increased protein consumption has little influence on sleep outcomes. Only subjective SQ was positively associated with protein consumption in a few studies. Meta-analyses also showed no significant effect of increased protein intake on sleep outcomes (number of studies for SQ, ST, SL, and SEff: 8, 8, 7, and 6, respectively), with very low certainty of evidence. However, results from sensitivity analyses, excluding high-risk studies, suggest a small effect on SQ in favor of high protein intake (mean difference, -4.28; 95%CI, -7.77, -0.79; on a scale from 0 to 100).
This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate there is no clear relationship between increased protein intake and sleep. However, the strength of the evidence is low and more randomized controlled trials that focus on this specific research question are warranted. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020196021.
睡眠质量差日益成为公众关注的健康问题。近年来，人们越来越关注蛋白质作为改善睡眠结果的途径；然而，证据有限且不明确。
使用系统评价和荟萃分析，检查增加蛋白质摄入（≥1g/kg//d，≥总能量摄入的 25%，或每天补充≥10g 蛋白质）对成年人睡眠结果的影响。
于 2021 年 11 月 30 日，检索了 5 个电子数据库以确定相关的随机对照试验（PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、Web of Science 和 CINAHL Plus）。使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具（版本 2.0）评估偏倚风险。
本系统评价纳入了 5 项睡眠结果（睡眠质量[SQ]、睡眠潜伏期[SL]、睡眠效率[SEff]、睡眠时间[ST]、觉醒次数和其他睡眠结果）和荟萃分析的 4 项结果（SQ、SL、SEff 和 ST）。使用推荐评估、制定与评估分级方法评估证据质量。
纳入了 10 篇文章报道的 12 项干预研究。定性分析表明，增加蛋白质消耗对睡眠结果影响不大。只有少数研究表明，主观 SQ 与蛋白质消耗呈正相关。荟萃分析也表明，增加蛋白质摄入对睡眠结果没有显著影响（SQ、ST、SL 和 SEff 的研究数量分别为 8、8、7 和 6），证据确定性极低。然而，敏感性分析结果（排除高风险研究）表明，高蛋白摄入对 SQ 有较小的影响（均数差，-4.28；95%CI，-7.77，-0.79；分值为 0 至 100）。
本系统评价和荟萃分析表明，增加蛋白质摄入与睡眠之间没有明确的关系。然而，证据强度较低，需要更多关注这一具体研究问题的随机对照试验。系统评价注册：PROSPERO 注册编号 CRD42020196021。
