Department of Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Sep 29;15(19):4213. doi: 10.3390/nu15194213.
Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy. This study determined whether meeting physical activity or dietary guidelines during pregnancy was associated with improved sleep. Third trimester pregnant women (n = 49, 31.9 ± 4.1 years) completed physical activity and sleep questionnaires and then wore a wrist actigraph 24 h/day and completed three 24 h dietary recalls across two weeks. Participants who reported meeting physical activity guidelines (>150 min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]/week, n = 23) or dietary guidelines (≥1.1 g protein/kg body weight/day, n = 26 or ≥25 g fiber/day, n = 16) were compared to those who were physically inactive (<90 min/week) or did not meet dietary guidelines, respectively. Multivariate ANOVAs and Mann-Whitney U tests compared groups and correlations were conducted between physical activity, diet, and sleep variables. Physical activity groups did not differ in objective sleep measures (s > 0.05); however, the active group reported better sleep quality ( = 0.049). Those who met protein guidelines exhibited longer sleep duration and less wake-after-sleep-onset ( < 0.05). Across all participants, higher weekly MET mins/week of MVPA associated with better sleep quality ( = 0.02), and a diet higher in fat and lower in carbohydrates associated with longer sleep duration (s < 0.05). Meeting physical activity and nutrition guidelines positively associates with improved sleep, with protein associated with objective measures and physical activity with subjective measures.
孕期睡眠障碍较为常见。本研究旨在探讨孕期是否遵循体育活动或饮食指南与睡眠质量改善有关。孕晚期（n=49，31.9±4.1 岁）孕妇完成体育活动和睡眠问卷后，佩戴腕部活动记录仪 24 小时/天，并在两周内完成三次 24 小时饮食回忆。与不活跃（<90 分钟/周）或不遵循饮食指南的孕妇相比，报告达到体育活动指南（>150 分钟中等到剧烈体力活动[MVPA]/周，n=23）或饮食指南（≥1.1 克蛋白质/公斤体重/天，n=26 或≥25 克纤维/天，n=16）的孕妇被分别归入相应组。采用多元方差分析和曼-惠特尼 U 检验比较组间差异，进行相关性分析。客观睡眠指标（s>0.05）在活跃组与不活跃组间无差异；然而，活跃组报告的睡眠质量更好（=0.049）。满足蛋白质指南的孕妇睡眠持续时间更长，睡眠起始后觉醒时间更少（<0.05）。在所有参与者中，每周 MVPA 的代谢当量分钟数（MET min/week）与睡眠质量呈正相关（=0.02），而高脂肪、低碳水化合物的饮食与更长的睡眠时间呈正相关（s<0.05）。满足体育活动和营养指南与睡眠质量改善呈正相关，蛋白质与客观指标相关，体育活动与主观指标相关。
