St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; and.
Clin J Sport Med. 2022 Sep 1;32(5):531-545. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000991. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is an increasingly applied tool with potential benefits in muscular hypertrophy, strength, and endurance. This study investigates the effectiveness of BFR training relative to other forms of training on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and endurance.
We performed systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed and assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.
We included 53 randomized controlled trials with 31 included in meta-analyses. For muscular strength comparing low-intensity BFR (LI-BFR) training with high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), the pooled mean difference (MD) for 1 repetition maximum was 5.34 kg (95% CI, 2.58-8.09; P < 0.01) favoring HIRT. When comparing LI-BFR training with HIRT for torque, the MD was 6.35 N·m (95% CI, 0.5-12.3; P = 0.04) also favoring HIRT. However, comparing LI-BFR with low-intensity resistance training (LIRT) for torque, there was a MD of 9.94 N·m (95% CI, 5.43-14.45; P < 0.01) favoring BFR training. Assessing muscle hypertrophy, the MD in cross-sectional area was 0.96 cm2 (95% CI, 0.21-1.7; P = 0.01) favoring pooled BFR training compared with nonocclusive training. Assessing endurance, V̇o2 maximum demonstrated a greater mean increase of 0.37 mL/kg/min (95% CI, -0.97 to 3.17; P = 0.64) in BFR endurance training compared with endurance training alone.
Blood flow restriction training produced increases in muscular strength, hypertrophy, and endurance. Comparing LI-BFR training with HIRT, HIRT was a significantly better training modality for increasing muscle hypertrophy and strength. However, LI-BFR was superior when compared with a similar low-intensity protocol. Blood flow restriction training is potentially beneficial to those unable to tolerate the high loads of HIRT; however, better understanding of its risk to benefit ratio is needed before clinical application.
Level 1.
血流限制（BFR）训练是一种越来越受欢迎的工具，具有在肌肉肥大、力量和耐力方面的潜在益处。本研究调查了 BFR 训练相对于其他训练形式在肌肉力量、肥大和耐力方面的效果。
我们对 MEDLINE、Embase 和 PubMed 进行了系统检索，并使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具评估了纳入研究的方法学质量。
我们纳入了 53 项随机对照试验，其中 31 项纳入了荟萃分析。对于比较低强度 BFR（LI-BFR）训练与高强度抗阻训练（HIRT）的肌肉力量，1 次重复最大力量的合并均数差（MD）为 5.34 千克（95%置信区间，2.58-8.09；P<0.01），支持 HIRT。当比较 LI-BFR 训练与 HIRT 时，扭矩的 MD 为 6.35 N·m（95%置信区间，0.5-12.3；P=0.04），也支持 HIRT。然而，当比较 LI-BFR 与低强度抗阻训练（LIRT）时，扭矩的 MD 为 9.94 N·m（95%置信区间，5.43-14.45；P<0.01），支持 BFR 训练。评估肌肉肥大时，横截面面积的 MD 为 0.96 cm2（95%置信区间，0.21-1.7；P=0.01），表明与非闭塞训练相比，汇总的 BFR 训练更有利于肌肉肥大。评估耐力时，VO2 最大摄氧量的平均增加量为 0.37 mL/kg/min（95%置信区间，-0.97 至 3.17；P=0.64），表明 BFR 耐力训练比单独的耐力训练更有利于增加。
血流限制训练可增加肌肉力量、肥大和耐力。与 HIRT 相比，LI-BFR 训练在增加肌肉肥大和力量方面是一种更好的训练方式。然而，与类似的低强度方案相比，LI-BFR 更具优势。血流限制训练可能对那些无法耐受 HIRT 高负荷的人有益；然而，在临床应用之前，需要更好地了解其风险与益处的比值。
1 级。
