França Débora, Siqueira Gilberto, Nyström Gustav, Clemens Frank, Souza Claudinei Fonseca, Faez Roselena
Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, Rod. Anhanguera, km 174, Araras, SP 13600970, Brazil; Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP-FZEA, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil.
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Nov 15;296:119934. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119934. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
An enhanced efficiency fertilizer (EEF) is essential for sustainable agriculture, and here, we evaluated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) as a nutrient carrier dispersed in biodegradable polymeric matrices. CNF were functionalized with negative (CNF) and positive (CNF) charges to improve (i) the CNF-nutrient and (ii) the CNF-polymeric matrix interactions. The CNF encapsulated the KNO nutrient by spray drying (microcapsules) and then inserted into a poly (hydroxybutyrate)/starch-based matrix by melt-compounding (tablets). These materials were morphologically, structurally, and thermally characterized before and after biodegradation. Nutrient release profiles showed the microcapsules released the nutrients for up to 1 h, while the tablets did for 8 h in water and over 80 days in soil. Tablets with CNF released NO faster than K, and those with CNF behaved inversely. Besides, the biodegradation efficiencies were up to 75 % in 120 days. The CNF charges affected nutrient release and the matrix biodegradation, ensuring the matrices were harmless to the environment.
增效肥料对可持续农业至关重要，在此，我们评估了纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）作为分散在可生物降解聚合物基质中的营养载体。对CNF进行了负电荷（CNF）和正电荷（CNF）功能化处理，以改善（i）CNF与营养物质之间的相互作用以及（ii）CNF与聚合物基质之间的相互作用。通过喷雾干燥（微胶囊）使CNF包裹KNO营养物质，然后通过熔融共混（片剂）将其插入聚（羟基丁酸酯）/淀粉基基质中。对这些材料在生物降解前后进行了形态、结构和热性能表征。营养物质释放曲线表明，微胶囊在水中释放营养物质长达1小时，而片剂在水中释放8小时，在土壤中释放超过80天。含有CNF的片剂释放NO的速度比K快，而含有CNF的片剂则相反。此外，生物降解效率在120天内高达75%。CNF电荷影响营养物质释放和基质生物降解，确保基质对环境无害。
