Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Post Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Pharmacy, All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Malar J. 2022 Sep 10;21(1):262. doi: 10.1186/s12936-022-04264-w.
Malaria is extremely common in Ethiopia, and it is one of the country's most serious public health and economic problems. Traditional medicines have long been utilized in Ethiopia by people of various ethnic groups. As a result, the goal of this study is to record the use of Ethiopian medicinal herbs that have been used to treat malaria. Also, a critical review of the literature on the therapeutic properties of these and other Ethiopian medicinal plants that have been tested against Plasmodium spp. parasites was conducted with the goal of highlighting neglected studies and fostering further research in this area.
A comprehensive literature search was performed in Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) from August 2021 to October 2021. The study databases included original articles published in peer reviewed journals covering anti-malarial plants, dated until October 2021.
The review looked at 51 plant species (28 families) that have been used to treat malaria in Ethiopia. The most often used ethnobotanical plant species for the treatment of malaria were Allium sativum, Croton macrostachyus, Carica papaya, and Lepidium sativum. Leaves were used more frequently as a therapeutic preparation than other parts. Plant extracts were found to have very good, good, and moderate anti-malarial activity in mice with rodent Plasmodium species. The most active species were Ajuga remota and Capsicum frufescens, which suppressed parasitaemia by 77.34% and 72.65%, respectively, at an oral dose of 100 mg/kg and an LD of above 2000 mg/kg. The compound Aloinoside reported from Aloe macrocarpa leave latex was the most potent; it suppressed parasitaemia by 100% at 400 mg/kg oral dose of Plasmodium berghei infected mice, and its LD was above 2000 mg/kg. Toxicity was shown to be safe in 84% of the plant extracts.
In Ethiopia, medicinal plants have a significant part in reducing the severity of malaria due to their widespread use. As a result, more studies are needed to identify and develop effective novel drugs that could be employed in broader malaria eradication efforts.
疟疾在埃塞俄比亚极为常见，是该国最严重的公共卫生和经济问题之一。不同族裔的人们长期以来一直在埃塞俄比亚使用传统药物。因此，本研究的目的是记录用于治疗疟疾的埃塞俄比亚草药的使用情况。此外，还对已用于治疗疟原虫属寄生虫的这些和其他埃塞俄比亚药用植物的治疗特性的文献进行了批判性回顾，旨在突出被忽视的研究，并促进该领域的进一步研究。
我们于 2021 年 8 月至 2021 年 10 月在 Scopus、Web of Science 核心合集、PubMed、Science Direct、Google Scholar 和 Scientific Electronic Library Online（SciELO）上进行了全面的文献检索。研究数据库包括在同行评议期刊上发表的涵盖抗疟植物的原始文章，截至 2021 年 10 月。
综述共涉及 51 种植物（28 科），这些植物曾在埃塞俄比亚用于治疗疟疾。最常被用于治疗疟疾的传统植物物种有大蒜、大籽麻风树、木瓜和芝麻。作为治疗制剂，叶片比其他部分使用得更频繁。在感染鼠疟原虫的小鼠中，植物提取物被发现具有非常好、好和中度的抗疟活性。最活跃的物种是 Ajuga remota 和 Capsicum frufescens，它们在 100mg/kg 口服剂量和 LD 大于 2000mg/kg 时分别抑制疟原虫血症达 77.34%和 72.65%。从大花芦荟叶乳胶中报告的 Aloinoside 是最有效的化合物；它在 400mg/kg 口服剂量下抑制 100%感染伯氏疟原虫的小鼠的疟原虫血症，其 LD 大于 2000mg/kg。84%的植物提取物显示出安全性。
在埃塞俄比亚，由于广泛使用，药用植物在减轻疟疾的严重程度方面发挥了重要作用。因此，需要进行更多的研究来识别和开发可用于更广泛的疟疾消除工作的有效新药。
