Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of Bihar, Patna, India.
Amity University, Noida, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 20;853:158562. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158562. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
Rising global temperature, pollution load, and energy crises are serious problems, recently facing the world. Scientists around the world are ambitious to find eco-friendly and cost-effective routes for resolving these problems. Biochar has emerged as an agent for environmental remediation and has proven to be the effective sorbent to inorganic and organic pollutants in water and soil. Endowed with unique attributes such as porous structure, larger specific surface area (SSA), abundant surface functional groups, better cation exchange capacity (CEC), strong adsorption capacity, high environmental stability, embedded minerals, and micronutrients, biochar is presented as a promising material for environmental management, reduction in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, soil management, and soil fertility enhancement. Therefore, the current review covers the influence of key factors (pyrolysis temperature, retention time, gas flow rate, and reactor design) on the production yield and property of biochar. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the diverse application of biochar such as waste management, construction material, adsorptive removal of petroleum and oil from aqueous media, immobilization of contaminants, carbon sequestration, and their role in climate change mitigation, soil conditioner, along with opportunities and challenges. Finally, this review discusses the evaluation of biochar standardization by different international agencies and their economic perspective.
全球气温上升、污染负荷和能源危机是当前世界面临的严峻问题。世界各地的科学家都雄心勃勃地希望找到环保且经济有效的方法来解决这些问题。生物炭作为一种环境修复剂应运而生，它已被证明是水中和土壤中无机和有机污染物的有效吸附剂。生物炭具有独特的属性，如多孔结构、更大的比表面积（SSA）、丰富的表面官能团、更好的阳离子交换能力（CEC）、较强的吸附能力、较高的环境稳定性、嵌入的矿物质和微量元素，被认为是一种很有前途的环境管理、减少温室气体（GHGs）排放、土壤管理和提高土壤肥力的材料。因此，本综述涵盖了关键因素（热解温度、保留时间、气流速率和反应器设计）对生物炭生产产量和性能的影响。此外，本综述强调了生物炭在废物管理、建筑材料、从水介质中吸附去除石油和油、污染物固定、碳封存以及在气候变化缓解、土壤调理剂中的多种应用，以及机遇和挑战。最后，本综述讨论了不同国际机构对生物炭标准化的评估及其经济前景。
