Beauchamp Myriam L H, Amorim Kaela, Wunderlich Samantha N, Lai Jonathan, Scorah Julie, Elsabbagh Mayada
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Autism Alliance of Canada and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Aug 25;13:915999. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915999. eCollection 2022.
Minority-language speakers in the general population face barriers to accessing healthcare services. This scoping review aims to examine the barriers to healthcare access for minority-language speakers who have a neurodevelopmental disorder. Our goal is to inform healthcare practitioners and policy makers thus improving healthcare services for this population.
Information was collected from studies whose participants include individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) who are minority-language speakers, their family members, and healthcare professionals who work with them. We examined access to healthcare services across both medical and para-medical services.
Searches were completed using several databases. We included all types of experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and descriptive studies, as well as studies using qualitative methodologies. Evidence selection and data extraction was completed by two independent reviewers and compared. Data extraction focused on the barriers to accessing and to utilizing healthcare for minority-language speakers with NDDs. The search process and ensuing results were fully reported using a diagram from the .
Following the database search, a total of 28 articles met our final selection criteria and two articles were hand-picked based on our knowledge of the literature, for a total of 30 articles. These studies revealed that minority-language speakers with NDDs and their families experience several barriers to accessing and utilizing healthcare services. These barriers, identified at the Systems, Provider and Family Experience levels, have important consequences on children's outcomes and families' well-being.
While our review outlined several barriers to access and utilization of healthcare services for minority-language speakers with NDDs and their families, our findings give rise to concrete solutions. These solutions have the potential to mitigate the identified barriers, including development and implementation of policies and guidelines that support minority-language speakers, practitioner training, availability of referral pathways to appropriate services, access to tools and other resources such as interpretation services, and partnership with caregivers. Further research needs to shift from describing barriers to examining the efficacy of the proposed solutions in mitigating and eliminating identified barriers, and ensuring equity in healthcare for minority-language speakers with NDDs.
普通人群中说少数族裔语言的人在获取医疗服务方面面临障碍。本范围综述旨在研究患有神经发育障碍的少数族裔语言使用者在获取医疗服务时遇到的障碍。我们的目标是为医疗从业者和政策制定者提供信息，从而改善针对这一人群的医疗服务。
从参与者包括少数族裔语言使用者且患有神经发育障碍（NDD）的个体、其家庭成员以及与之合作的医疗专业人员的研究中收集信息。我们研究了医疗和辅助医疗服务中获取医疗服务的情况。
使用多个数据库进行检索。我们纳入了所有类型的实验性、准实验性、观察性和描述性研究，以及使用定性方法的研究。由两名独立评审员完成证据筛选和数据提取，并进行比较。数据提取聚焦于少数族裔语言使用者且患有NDD的人群在获取和利用医疗服务方面的障碍。使用来自……的图表全面报告了检索过程及后续结果。
在数据库检索之后，共有28篇文章符合我们的最终选择标准，另外根据我们对文献的了解手动挑选了2篇文章，共计30篇文章。这些研究表明，少数族裔语言使用者且患有NDD的个体及其家庭在获取和利用医疗服务方面面临若干障碍。在系统、提供者和家庭体验层面发现的这些障碍，对儿童的结局和家庭的福祉产生了重要影响。
虽然我们的综述概述了少数族裔语言使用者且患有NDD的个体及其家庭在获取和利用医疗服务方面的若干障碍，但我们的研究结果也引出了具体的解决方案。这些解决方案有可能减轻已确定的障碍，包括制定和实施支持少数族裔语言使用者的政策和指南、从业者培训、提供转介至适当服务的途径、获取工具和其他资源（如口译服务）以及与照顾者建立伙伴关系。进一步的研究需要从描述障碍转向研究所提议的解决方案在减轻和消除已确定障碍以及确保少数族裔语言使用者且患有NDD的个体在医疗保健方面的公平性方面的效果。
