Cho Da-Eun, Choi Gwang-Muk, Lee Yong-Seok, Hong Joon-Pyo, Yeom Mijung, Lee Bombi, Hahm Dae-Hyun
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Ginseng Res. 2022 Sep;46(5):657-665. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.12.001. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
Sarcopenia is a new and emerging risk factor aggravating the quality of life of elderly population. Because Korean Red Ginseng (RG) is known to have a great effect on relieving fatigue and enhancing physical performance, it is invaluable to examine its potential as an anti-sarcopenic drug.
Anti-sarcopenic effect of non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng (RGNS) was evaluated in C2C12 myoblasts treated with C2-ceramide to induce senescence phenotypes, and 22-month-old mice fed with chow diet containing 2% RGNS (w/w) for 4 further months.
The RGNS treatment significantly alleviated cellular senescence indicated by intracellular lipid accumulation, increased amount of lysosomal β-galactosidase, and reduced proliferative capacity in C2C12 myoblasts. This effect was not observed with saponin fraction. In an aged mouse, the 4-month-RGNS diet significantly improved aging-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, assessed by the weights of hindlimb skeletal muscles such as tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius (GN) and soleus (SOL), and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of SOL muscle, and the behaviors in grip strength and hanging wire tests, respectively. During the same period, an aging-associated shift of fast-to slow-twitch muscle in SOL muscle was also retarded by the RGNS treatment.
These findings suggested that the long-term diet of RGNS significantly prevented aging-associated muscle atrophy and reduced physical performance, and thus RGNS has a strong potential to be developed as a drug that prevents or improves sarcopenia.
肌肉减少症是一种新出现的加重老年人群生活质量的风险因素。由于已知高丽参（RG）对缓解疲劳和增强身体机能有很大作用，因此研究其作为抗肌肉减少症药物的潜力具有重要价值。
在经C2 - 神经酰胺处理以诱导衰老表型的C2C12成肌细胞中，以及在以含2% RGNS（w/w）的普通饮食喂养4个月的22月龄小鼠中，评估高丽参非皂苷组分（RGNS）的抗肌肉减少症作用。
RGNS处理显著减轻了C2C12成肌细胞内的细胞衰老，表现为细胞内脂质积累、溶酶体β - 半乳糖苷酶量增加以及增殖能力降低。皂苷组分未观察到这种作用。在老年小鼠中，4个月的RGNS饮食显著改善了与衰老相关的肌肉质量和力量损失，分别通过胫骨前肌（TA）、趾长伸肌（EDL）、腓肠肌（GN）和比目鱼肌（SOL）等后肢骨骼肌的重量、SOL肌肉的横截面积（CSA）以及握力和悬线试验中的行为来评估。在此期间，RGNS处理还延缓了SOL肌肉中与衰老相关的快肌向慢肌的转变。
这些发现表明，长期摄入RGNS可显著预防与衰老相关的肌肉萎缩并降低身体机能下降，因此RGNS具有作为预防或改善肌肉减少症药物开发的强大潜力。
