Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
Pathog Glob Health. 2023 Jul;117(5):505-512. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2121366. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
In this household-based seroepidemiological survey, we analyzed the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sergipe State, Northeast Brazil, the poorest region of the country. A total of 16,547 individuals were tested using a rapid IgM-IgG antibody test and fluorescence immunoassay (FIA). Seroprevalence rates were presented according to age, sex, and geographic region. A comparative analysis was performed between the results obtained in July 2020 (peak of the first wave), August - November 2020 (end of the first wave), and February - March 2021 (beginning of the second wave). Seroprevalence rates in the three phases were estimated at 9.3% (95% CI 8.5-10.1), 12.0% (95% CI 11.2-12.9) and 15.4% (95% CI 14.5-16.4). At the end of the first wave, there was a rise in seroprevalence in the countryside (p < 0.001). At the beginning of the second wave, we found an increase in seroprevalence among women (p < 0.001), adults aged 20 to 59 years (p < 0.001), and the elderly (p < 0.001). In this phase, we found an increase in estimates both in metropolitan areas and in the countryside (p < 0.001). This study showed an increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence over the first year of the pandemic, with approximately one in six people having anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the beginning of the second wave of COVID-19. Furthermore, our results suggest a rapid spread of COVID-19 from metropolitan areas to the countryside during the first months of the pandemic.
在这项基于家庭的血清流行病学调查中，我们分析了巴西东北部塞尔希培州 COVID-19 大流行第一年期间 SARS-CoV-2 血清流行率的动态，该州是该国最贫穷的地区。共有 16547 人接受了快速 IgM-IgG 抗体检测和荧光免疫分析（FIA）检测。根据年龄、性别和地理区域呈现血清流行率。对 2020 年 7 月（第一波高峰）、2020 年 8 月至 11 月（第一波结束）和 2021 年 2 月至 3 月（第二波开始）获得的结果进行了比较分析。三个阶段的血清流行率估计分别为 9.3%（95%CI8.5-10.1）、12.0%（95%CI11.2-12.9）和 15.4%（95%CI14.5-16.4）。在第一波结束时，农村地区的血清流行率上升（p<0.001）。在第二波开始时，我们发现女性（p<0.001）、20 至 59 岁成年人（p<0.001）和老年人（p<0.001）的血清流行率增加。在这一阶段，我们发现大都市和农村地区的估计值都有所增加（p<0.001）。本研究表明，在大流行的第一年，SARS-CoV-2 血清流行率增加，大约在 COVID-19 第二波开始时，每六个人中就有一人具有抗 SARS-CoV-2 抗体。此外，我们的结果表明，在大流行的头几个月，COVID-19 从大都市迅速传播到农村。
