Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Jinnah College of Pharmacy, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2022 Sep 12;17(9):e0274268. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274268. eCollection 2022.
The present study involved an extra-cultural adaptation and validation of questionnaire regarding online teaching (QOT) to know faculty perception, attitude and experiences of online teaching. Cronbach's alpha was determined for assessing internal reliability of QOT and found to be 0.886, confirmed that the scale have good reliability. Factor Analysis of the scale (Principal Component Analysis) was used to examine factor structure and then trailed by varimax rotation. The items were allocated four sub scales. A survey technique was used for the validation of QOT and the survey was conducted during September-December' 2020 in private and public universities of Karachi to determine the pharmacy faculty's perception and experience regarding online teaching. Approximately 35% responded that "It is very easy to prepare and deliver an online course" and 45% opined that "The universities offering Pharm.D should adopt the use of e-learning for teaching in future to complement traditional teaching". Majority of the faculty were in favor of starting online teaching during pandemic to complete semester on time (72%). However, in-campus courses contribute more to students' learning than online courses in pharmaceutical sciences (65.5%). The present study summarizes that academic staff did opt online teaching over one-to-one teaching in the lock down situation during Covid-19 pandemic however, they agreed not to replace traditional teaching to online teaching. Teachers recognized some difficulties and challenges during online teaching including difficulty in preparing lecture for online teaching than traditional classroom teaching, shortage of long time training sessions. Female teachers were inclined to online teaching than male and lecturers tend to prefer online teaching compared to senior teachers. Universities and administration should take imperative acts for improving online teaching for better learning during lock down or any other situation where social distancing is required.
本研究涉及在线教学问卷（QOT）的跨文化适应性和验证，以了解教师对在线教学的看法、态度和经验。采用克朗巴赫α系数评估 QOT 的内部信度，发现为 0.886，证实该量表具有良好的信度。采用量表的因子分析（主成分分析）来检验因子结构，然后进行方差极大旋转。项目被分配到四个子量表中。采用调查技术对 QOT 进行验证，调查于 2020 年 9 月至 12 月在卡拉奇的私立和公立大学进行，以确定药学教师对在线教学的看法和经验。大约 35%的人认为“准备和教授在线课程非常容易”，45%的人认为“提供药学博士学位的大学应该在未来采用电子学习来辅助传统教学”。大多数教师赞成在大流行期间开始在线教学，以按时完成学期（72%）。然而，在药学科学中，校园课程比在线课程更有助于学生学习（65.5%）。本研究总结，在 COVID-19 大流行期间的封锁情况下，学术人员确实选择了在线教学而不是一对一教学，但他们同意不将传统教学替换为在线教学。教师在在线教学中认识到一些困难和挑战，包括在线教学比传统课堂教学准备讲座更困难，缺乏长时间的培训课程。女教师比男教师更倾向于在线教学，讲师比高级教师更倾向于在线教学。大学和行政部门应采取必要措施，改善在线教学，以在封锁期间或需要保持社交距离的任何其他情况下实现更好的学习。
